Education

• 1985 - Ph.D, National University of Singapore.

Profile

Paul W.S. Heng has a basic degree in pharmacy and obtained his doctorate from the National University of Singapore in 1985. He has since joined the National University of Singapore as a faculty member, currently serving as an associate professor with the Department of Pharmacy. He served as head of department for two terms from 2000 to 2004 and is the principal investigator for GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, a research laboratory focused in process and product development related to pharmaceutical technology. Heng was a founding member and past president of the Asian Association of Schools of Pharmacy and also served in the formation of the Asian Federation of Pharmaceutical Scientists. He has an adjunct appointment with the Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, an A*STAR institute, and is currently the chairman of the Quality Control Advisory Committee, Ministry of Health, Singapore, and vice-chairperson of the Specialty Committee of TCM Pharmaceutics of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies, among others. His research interest is in pharmaceutical technology, in areas of coating, pelletization, microencapsulation, powder technology, preparation of botanicals, controlled release formulations, and process science. He has authored or coauthored over 220 international refereed research journal articles, a number of conference and other non-refereed papers, and seven book chapters.

Research Interest

My research is in the area of pharmaceutical technology, with emphasis in manufacturing processes and dosage form design. The main areas of work centre on compaction studies using universal testing machine and roller compactor, pelletisation by wet and melt methods, coating for colour and controlled drug delivery, and specialised delivery systems including transdermal and inhalation technologies.

Professional Activities:

Academic

Industrial

Administrative

Educational Duties

Highlights:

• Served two terms, 2000-2004 as Head of Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore and saw to its transition into a very research-active hub and increased undergraduate and post-graduate student numbers
• Served as 3rd President (2006-7) of the Asian Association of Schools of Pharmacy (AASP); saw to the registration of AASP in Singapore and setting up its official website
• Served as Chairman of the Quality Control Advisory Committee since 1999, the committee that oversees the establishment regulatory controls for the pharmaceutical manufacturing industry in Singapore.
• Principal investigator responsible for the establishment of GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory in 1997, now a world-class research laboratory for pharmaceutical technology, well-recognized in Asia
• Appointed Editor-in-Chief for the Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences when it was established in 2006.
• Appointed Vice-President, Singapore of the Asian Federation of Pharmaceutical Scientists when it was established in 2007 to 2008.
• Received in 2008 from International Journal of Pharmaceutics, the Highest Cited Original Research 2006 Awards for manuscript, Evaluation of sodium alginate as drug release modifier in matrix tablets. Int J Pharm. 309 (1-2): 25-37 (2006)
• Appointed, Vice Chairperson, Specialty Committee of TCM Pharmaceutics of World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies (Sep 2008 to Aug 2010; Sep 2010 to Aug 2012)
• Awarded the Shukri Distinguished Keynote Lectureship at the 4th Asia Pacific Pharmacy Education Workshop, Josai University, Tokyo, Japan, 24-26 Nov 2013.

Honors and Awards

Publications

1. A S C Wan, T L Ngiam, S L Leung, M L Go, P W S Heng, P N Natarajan, A Shafiee, M Vossoght, F Savabi, C G Francisco, R Freire, R Hernandez, J A Salazar, E Suarez, la Mora de, R Y Grillasca and 0 Jimeno, Long acting contraceptive agents: Norethisterone esters of arylcarboxylic acids. Steroids, 41 (1983): 309-320.
2. P W S Heng and L S C Wan, The effect of polysorbate 80 on sulphanilamide tablet formulations containing starch and other excipients. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 59, no. 2 (1984): .41-46.
3. L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Liquid penetration into tablets containing surfactants. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 33, no. 6 (1985): 2569-2574.
4. P W S Heng and L S C Wan, Surfactant effect on the dissolution of sulphanilamide granules. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 74, no. 3 (1985): 269-272.
5. L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Action of surfactant on disintegration and dissolution of tablets containing microcrystalline cellulose. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 61, no. 5-6 (1986): 157-163.
6. L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Technique of measuring rapid water penetration rate into tablets. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 35, no. 4 (1987): 1615-1618.
7. L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Influence of surfactant on the properties of granules and tablets containing sodium calcium alginate. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae, 62, no. 5-6 (1987): 169-174.
8. P W S Heng and L S C Wan, Physical properties of granules containing polysorbate 80. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 13, no. 2 (1987): 355-367.
9. J N Staniforth,, A R Baichwal, J P Hart and P W S Heng, Effect of addition of water on the rheological and mechanical properties of microcrystalline celluloses. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 41, no. 3 (1988): 231-236.
10. P W S Heng and J N Staniforth, The effect of moisture on the cohesive properties of microcrystalline celluloses. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 40, no. 5 (1988): 360-362.
11. P W S Heng, L S C Wan and T S H Ang, Role of surfactant on drug release from tablets. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 16, no. 6 (1990): 951-962.
12. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L F Wong, The effect of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose on water penetration into a matrix system. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 73 (1991): 111-116.
13. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C G H Chia, Preparation of coated particles using a spray drying process with an aqueous system. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 77 (1991): 183-191.
14. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C G H Chia, Plasticisers and their effects on microencapsulation process by spray drying in an aqueous system. Journal of Microencapsulation, 9 (1992): 53-62.
15. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C G H Chia, Spray drying as a process for microencapsulation and the effect of different coating polymers. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 18 (1992): 997-1011.
16. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Drug encapsulation in alginate microspheres by emulsification. Journal of Microencapsulation, 9 (1992): 309-316.
17. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and G Muhuri, Analysis of growth of granules in a fluidised bed granulator. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 2, no. 5 (1992): 381-386.
18. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and G Muhuri, Incorporation and distribution of a low dose drug in granules. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 88 (1992): 159-163.
19. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L F Wong, Relationship between polymer viscosity and drug release from a matrix system. Pharmaceutical Research, 9 (1992): 1510-1514.
20. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C G H Chia, Citric acid as a plasticiser for spray dried microcapsules. Journal of Microencapsulation, 10 (1993): 11-23.
21. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L F Wong, Relationship between swelling and drug release in a hydrophilic matrix. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 19, no. 10 (1993): 1201-1210.
22. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Influence of HLB on alginate microspheres. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 95 (1993): 77-83.
23. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C V Liew, Spheronization conditions on spheroid shape. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 96 (1993):59-65.
24. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L F Wong, Liquid penetration into matrices. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 3, no. 6 (1993): 477-487.
25. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C G H Chia, Sodium carboxy methylcellulose as a coating polymer for spray dried products. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 3, no. 6 (1993): 448-452.
26. L S C Wan; P W S Heng and L W Chan, Surfactant effects on alginate microspheres. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 103, no. 3 (1994): 267-275.
27. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C V Liew, The role of moisture and gap air pressure in the formation of spherical granules by rotary processing. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 20, no. 16 (1994): 2551-2561.
28. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C G H Chia, Action of plasticisers on sodium carboxy methylcellulose as a coating polymer for spray-dried products. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 4, no. 2 (1994): 114-121.
29. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L F Wong, Effect of additives on liquid uptake into HPMC matrices. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 4, no. 3 (1994): 213-219.
30. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and Y T F Tan, Drug release from spheroids coated with a mixture of HPMC-NaCMC. The Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 46 (1994): 491-504.
31. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and L F Wong, Matrix swelling: A simple model describing extent of swelling of HPMC matrices. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 116 (1995): 159-168.
32. P W S Heng, L S C Wan and B L Ling, Assessment of powder cohesiveness in spheronization studies. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 116 (1995): 119-123.
33. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and B L Ling, Fluidized bed granulation with PVP K90 and PVP K120. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 21, no. 7 (1995): 857-862.
34. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and C V Liew, The influence of liquid spray rate and atomizing pressure on size of spray droplets and spheroids. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 118 (1995): 213-219.
35. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and Y T F Tan, Influence of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and sodium carboxy methylcellulose as coating polymers on drug release from spheroids. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 5, no. 2 (1995): 128-133.
36. P W S Heng, L S C Wan and Y T F Tan, Effect of methyl vinyl ether, maleic anhydride decadiene cross-polymer on drug release from spheroids coated with water soluble polymers. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 6, no. 2 (1996): 110-117.
37. P W S Heng, L S C Wan and Y T F Tan, Relationship between aggregation of HPMC coated spheroids and tackiness viscosity additives of the coating formulation. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 138 (1996): 57-66.
38. P W S Heng, L S C Wan and Y T F Tan, Optimisation of spheroid production by centrifugal rotary processing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 143 (1996): 107-112.
39. L S C Wan, P W S Heng and B L Ling, Effect of polyvinyl pyrrolidone solutions containing dissolved drug on characteristics of lactose fluidised bed granules. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 141 (1996): 161-170.
40. L W Chan, P W S Heng and L S C Wan, Effect of cellulose derivatives on alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification. Journal of Microencapsulation, 14, no. 5 (1997): 545-555.
41. L S C Wan, P W S Heng, L W Chan, C C Lee, E K Ho, W K Ngoh, T J Lam and J J Walford, Effect of feeding microspheres containing thyroid hormone on larval growth and development in tilapia and seabass (Editorial section). Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics, 12 (1997): 191-199.
42. L W Chan and P W S Heng, Effects of polyvinyl pyrrolidone and ethyl cellulose on alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification. Journal of Microencapsulation, 15, no. 4 (1998): 409-420.
43. L S C Wan, Y T F Tan and P W S Heng, Drug release kinetics of bi-layer coated spheroids. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 8, no. 2 (1998): 113-122.
44. Y T F Tan, L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Evaluation of adhesion strength measurement for predicting aggregation propensity during fluidised bed coating. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 8, no. 3 (1998): 149-153.
45. C V Liew, L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Influence of polytetrafluoroethylene on spheroid production by rotary processing. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 8, no. 5 (1998): 297-302.
46. P W S Heng, L S C Wan and T W Wong, Effect of off-bottom clearance on properties of pellets produced by melt pelletization. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 4, no. 1 (1999): 27-33.
47. P W S Heng, T W Wong, J J Shu and L S C Wan, A new method for the control of size of pellets in melt pelletization process with a high shear mixer. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 47, no. 5 (1999): 633-638.
48. P W S Heng, T W Wong and L S C Wan, A probe test method for determination of tack of molten binder. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 4, no. 3 (1999): 457-460.
49. T W Wong, L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Effect of physical properties of PEG 6000 on pellets produced by melt pelletization. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 4, no. 3 (1999): 449-456.
50. P W S Heng, L W Chan and S H Chew, Mechanism of pellet coat rupture and its effect on drug release. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 47, no. 7 (1999): 939-943.
51. Y T F Tan, P W S Heng and L S C Wan, Mixed polymer coating for modified release from coated spheroids. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 4, no. 4 (1999): 561-570.
52. P W S Heng, L W Chan and W Y Chan, Application of spot colour measurement for the optimisation of colour coating. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 9, no. 6 (1999): 539-544.
53. L W Chan, J Hao and P W S Heng, Evaluation on permeability and mechanical property of composite polyvinyl alcohol films. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 47, no. 10 (1999): 1412-1416.
54. T W Wong, Chan LW and P W S Heng. A study of melt pelletization process focusing on micromeritic property of pellets. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48, no.11 (2000): 1639-1643.
55. C V Liew, L S C Wan and P W S Heng, Role of base plate rotational speed in controlling spheroid size distribution and minimizing oversized particle formation during spheroid production by rotary processing. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 29, no. 9 (2000): 953-963.
56. P W S Heng, T W Wong and L W Chan, Influence of production variables on the sphericity of melt pellets. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48, no. 3 (2000): 420-424.
57. P W S Heng, L W Chan and L T Lim, Quantification of the surface morphologies of lactose carriers and their effect on the in-vitro deposition of salbutamol sulphate. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48, no. 3 (2000): 393-398.
58. P W S Heng, L W Chan and L Zhu. Effects of process variables and their interactions of melt pelletization in high shear mixer. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 10, no. 2 (2000): 165-172.
59. P W S Heng, L W Chan and C C Lee, Ultrafine grinding using a fluidised bed opposed jet mill: effects of process parameters on the size distribution of milled particles. Sciences Techniques Pharmaceutische Pharma Sciences, 10, no. 1 (2000): 445-451.
60. L W Chan, L T Lim and P W S Heng. Microencapsulation of oils using sodium alginate. Journal of Microencapsulation, 17, no. 6 (2000): 757-766.
61. P W S Heng, L W Chan, C V Liew and T Y Ng, Effect of tabletting compaction pressure on alginate microspheres. Journal of Microencapsulation, 17, no. 5 (2000): 553-564.
62. K M Sim, S K Boey, P W S Heng and Y W Chan, Total intravenous anaesthesia using 3-in-l mixture of propofol, alfentanil and mivacurium. Annals of Academy of Medicine Singapore, 29, no. 2 (2000): 182-188.
63. L W Chan, W Y Chan and P W S Heng, An improved method for the measurement of colour uniformity in pellet coating. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 213 (2001): 63-74.
64. P W S Heng and O M Y Koo, A study of the effects of the physical characteristics of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) on performance in extrusion spheronization. Pharmaceutical Research, 18, no. 4 (2001): 480-487.
65. P W S Heng, L W Chan, M G Easterbrook and X Li, Investigation of the influence of mean HPMC particle size and number of polymer particles on the release of aspirin from swellable hydrophilic matrix tablets. Journal of Controlled Release, 76 (2001): 39-49.
66. O M Y Koo and P W S Heng, The influence of microcrystalline cellulose grade on shape and shape distributions of pellets produced by extrusion-spheronization. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 49, no. 11 (2001): 1383-1387.
67. L W Chan and P W S Heng, Effects of aldehydes and methods of cross-linking on properties of calcium alginate microspheres prepared by emulsification. Biomaterials, 23, no. 5 (2002): 1319-1326.
68. P W S Heng, C V Liew and L Gu, Influence of teardrop studs on rotating frictional base plate on spheroid quality in rotary spheronization. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 241 (2002): 173-184.
69. T W Wong, H Y Lee, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Drug release properties of pectinate microspheres prepared by emulsification method. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242 (2002): 233-237.
70. T W Wong, P W S Heng, T N Yeo and L W Chan, Influence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone on aggregation propensity of coated spheroids. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242 (2002): 357-360.
71. C V Liew, L Gu and P W S Heng, The influence of operational variables on mean size and size distribution of spheroids produced by rotary spheronization using teardrop studs. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242 (2002): 345-348.
72. L W Chan, H Y Lee and P W S Heng, Production of alginate microspheres by internal gelation using an emulsification method. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242 (2002): 259-262.
73. L W Chan, Y Jin and P W S Heng. Cross-linking mechanisms of calcium and zinc in production of alginate microspheres. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 242 (2002): 255-258.
74. V Manivasager, P W S Heng, J Hao, W Zheng, K C Soo and M Olivo, Macro-microscopic fluorescence imaging of human NPC xenografts in a murine model using topical vs intravenous administration of 5-aminoleyulinic acid. International Journal of Oncology, 21 (2002):1003-1007.
75. L W Chan, T W Wong, S B Khoo and P W S Heng, Design of controlled-release solid dosage forms of alginate and chitosan using microwave. Journal of Controlled Release, 84 (2002): 99-114.
76. L W Chan, T W Wong, H Y Lee and P W S Heng, Release characteristics of pectin microspheres prepared by an emulsification technique. Journal of Microencapsulation, 19, no. 4 (2002): 511-522.
77. L W Chan, C C Lee and P W S Heng, Ultrafine grinding using a fluidized bed opposed jet mill: Effects of feed load and rotational speed of classifier wheel on particle shape. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 28, no. 8 (2002): 939-947.
78. D M Shi, P W S Heng and FChen, A pellet sphericity measure system based on dual active contour models. International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 5 (2003), pp. 2781-2784.
79. L W Chan, T W Wong, P C Chua, Y Peter and P W S Heng, Anti-tack action of polyvinyl pyrrolidone on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 51, no. 2 (2003): 107-112.
80. L W Chan, L T Lim and P W S Heng, Immobilization of fine particles on lactose carrier by precision coating and its effect on the performance of dry powder formulations. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 92, no. 5 (2003): 975-984.
81. P W S Heng, L W Chan and T W Wong, Formation of alginate microspheres produced using emulsification technique. Journal of Microencapsulation, 20, no. 3 (2003): 401-413.
82. V Manivasager, P W S Heng, J S Hao, W Zheng, K C Soo and C D O Olivio, A study of 5-aminolevulinic acid and its methyl ester used in in vitro and in vivo systems of human bladder cancer. International Journal of Oncology, 22, no. 2 (2003): 313-318.
83. P W S Heng, T W Wong and W S Cheong, Investigation of melt agglomeration process with a hydrophobic binder in combination with sucrose stearate. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19 (2003): 381-393.
84. J Hao, and P W S Heng, Buccal Delivery Systems. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 29, no. 8 (2003): 821-832.
85. C C Lee, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Use of a fluidized bed hammer mill for size reduction and classification: Effects of process variables and starting materials on the particle size distribution of milled lactose batches. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 8, no. 4 (2003): 431-442.
86. P W S Heng, L W Chan and K T Ong, Influence of storage conditions and type of plasticizers on ethyl cellulose and acrylate films formed from aqueous dispersions. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6, no. 3 (2003): 334-344.
87. M Y Wang, Y Y Yang and P W S Heng, Role of solvent in interactions between fatty acids-based formulations and lipids in porcine stratum corneum. Journal of Controlled Release, 94, no. 1 (2004): 207-216.
88. A V Dolzhenko, N V Kolotova, V 0 Kozminykh, W K Chui, P WS Heng and V N Kjrustalev, Synthesis and structural studies of (2-oxo-2,3-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)acetic acids. Heterocycles, 63, no. l (2004): 55-62.
89. P W S Heng, L W Chan, C V Liew, S N Chee, J L P Soh and S M Ooi, Roller compaction of crude plant material: influence of process variables, polyvinylpyrrolidone and co-milling. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology 9, no. 2 (2004): 135-144.
90. T S H Ang, B V Sunderland and P W S Heng, An investigation on the influence of a vinyl pyrrolidone / vinyl acetate copolymer on the moisture permeation mechanical and adhesive properties of aqueous-based hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose film coatings. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 52, no. 7 (2004): 790-796.
91. L Gu, C V Liew and P W S Heng. Wet spheronization by rotary processing - A multistage single-pot process for producing spheroids. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 30, no. 2 (2004): 111-123.
92. P W S Heng, J Hao, L W Chan and S H Chew, Influences of osmotic agents in diffusion layer drug release from multilayer coated pellets. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 30, no. 2 (2004): 213-220.
93. P W S Heng, C V Liew and J L P Soh. Pre-formulation studies on moisture absorption in microcrystalline cellulose using differential thermogravimetric analysis. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 52, no. 4 (2004): 384-390
94. V Tammilmani, K K L Yee, P W S Heng, K C Soo and M Olivo, Evaluation of exogenous application of protoporphyrin IX and its dimethyl ester as a photodynamic diagnostic agent in poorly differentiated human nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 80 (2004):596-601.
95. J L P Soh, F Chen, C V Liew, D Shi and P W S Heng. A novel preformulation tool to group microcrystalline celluloses using artificial neural network and data clustering. Pharmaceutical Research, 21, no. 12 (2004): 2360-2368.
96. M Y Wang, Y Y Yang, P W S Heng and S M Moochhala. New insights into skin permeation enhancement by fatty acids. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, EXS (1), art. no. I3.2 (2004): 399-401.
97. J S Hao, L W Chan, Z X Shen and P W S Heng. Complexation between PVP and Gantrez polymer and its effect on release and bioadhesive properties of the composite PVP/Gantrez films. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 9 no. 4 (2004): 379-386.
98. J Y Wu, S Q Liu, P W S Heng and Y Y Yang, Evaluating proteins release from, and their interactions with, thermosensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. Journal of Controlled Release, 102, no. 2 (2005): 361-372.
99. H Y Lee, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Influence of partially cross-linked alginate used in the production of alginate microspheres by emulsification. Journal of Microencapsulation, 22, no. 3 (2005): 275-280.
100. T H Tan, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Effect of oil loading on microspheres produced by spray drying. Journal of Microencapsulation, 22, no. 3 (2005): 253-259.
101. Q Y Guo, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Investigation of the release of aspirin from spray-congealed micro-pellets. Journal of Microencapsulation, 22, no. 3 (2005): 245-251.
102. T W Wong, L W Chan, S B Kho and P W S Heng, Aging and microwave effects on alginate / chitosan matrices. Journal of Controlled Release, 104, no. 3 (2005): 461-475.
103. Z P Hu, X X Yang, P C L Ho, S Y Chan, P W S Heng, E W Y Chan, W Duan, H L Koh and S Zhou, Herb-drug interactions: a literature review. Drugs, 65, no. 9 (2005): 1-44.
104. E S K Tang, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Coating of multiparticulates for sustained release. American Journal of Drug Delivery, 3, no. 1 (2005): 17-28.
105. C V Liew, L Gu, J L P Soh and P W S Heng, Functionality of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone as a spheronization aid: a promising alternative to microcrystalline cellulose. Pharmaceutical Research, 22, no. 8 (2005): 1387-1388.
106. L L Saw, M Olivo, W W L Chin, K C Soo and P W S Heng, Transport of hypericin across chick chorioallantoic membrane and photodynamic therapy vasculature assessment. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28, no. 6 (2005): 1054-1060.
107. M Y Wang, Y Y Yang and P W S Heng, Skin permeation of physostigmine from fatty acids-based formulations: evaluating the choice of solvent. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 290, no. 1-2 (2005): 25-36.
108. J Y Wu, S Q Li, P W S Heng and Y Y Yang, Evaluating proteins release from and their interactions with, thermosensitive poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels. Journal of Controlled Release, 102, no.2 (2005): 361-372.
109. P W S Heng, L W Chan and K T Chow, Development of novel non-aqueous ethyl cellulose gel matrices: Rheological and mechanical characterization. Pharmaceutical Research, 22, no. 4 (2005): 678-684.
110. L W Chan, K T Ong and P W S Heng, Novel film modifiers to alter the physical properties of ethyl cellulose films. Pharmaceutical Research, 22, no. 3 (2005): 476-489.
111. L W Chan, X H Liu and P W S Heng, Liquid phase coating to produce controlled-release alginate microspheres. Journal of Microencapsulation, 22, no. 8 (2005): 891-900.
112. C V Liew, J L P Soh, F Chen, D M Shi and P W S Heng, Application of multidimensional scaling to preformulation sciences: A discriminatory tool to group microcrystalline celluloses. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53, no. 10 (2005): 1227-1231.
113. S N Chee, A L Johansen, L Gu, J Karlsen and P W S Heng, Microwave drying of granules containing a moisture-sensitive drug: A promising alternative to fluid bed and hot air oven drying. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 53, no. 7 (2005): 770-775.
114. E S K Tang, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Coating of multiparticulates for sustained release. American Journal of Drug Delivery, 3, no. 1 (2005): 17-28.
115. L W Chan, K T Chow and P W S Heng, Investigation of wetting behavior of non-aqueous ethyl cellulose gel matrices using dynamic contact angle. Pharmaceutical Research, 23, no. 2 (2006): 408-421.
116. C V Liew, L W Chan, A L Ching and P W S Heng, Evaluation of sodium alginate as drug release modifier in matrix tablets. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 309, no. 1-2 (2006): 25-37.
117. L W Chan, H Y Lee and P W S Heng, Mechanisms of external and internal gelation and their impact on the functions of alginate as a coat and delivery system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 63, no. 2 (2006): 176-187.
118. W W L Chin, W K O Lau, P W S Heng, R Bhuvaneswari and C D O Olivio, Fluorescence imaging and phototoxicity effects of new formulation of chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B- Biology, 84 (2006): 103-110.
119. L Gu, C V Liew, J L P Soh and P W S Heng, Feasibility of eliminating premixing for the production of pellets in a rotary processor. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 11, no. 2 (2006): 159-165.
120. E S K Tang, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Comparative study of the fluid dynamics of bottom spray fluid bed coaters. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech, 7, no. 2 (2006): E1-E9.
121. J L P Soh, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Torque rheological parameters to predict pellet quality in extrusion-spheronization. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 315, no. 1-2 (2006):99-109.
122. J L P Soh, C V Liew and P W S Heng, New Indices to characterize powder flow based on their avalanching behaviour. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 11, no. 1 (2006): 93-102.
123. E L L Cheah, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Supercritical carbon dioxide and its application in the extraction of active principles from plant materials. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1, no. 1 (2006): 59-71.
124. C L L Saw, P W S Heng, W W L Chin, K C Soo and C D O Olivio, Enhanced photodynamic activity of hypericin by penetration enhancer N-methyl pyrrolidone formulations in the chick chorioallantoic membrance model. Cancer Letters, 238 (2006): 104-110.
125. C L L Saw, C D O Olivio, K C Soo and P W S Heng, Delivery of hypericin for photodynamic applications. Cancer Letters, 241, no. 1 (2006): 23-30.
126. W W L Chin, P W S Heng, R B Narasa, W K O Lau and C D O Olivio, The potential application of chlorin e6 polyvinylpyrrolidone formulation in photodynamic therapy. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 5 (2006): 1031-1037.
127. V Manivasager, K K L Yee, P W S Heng, K C Soo and C D O Olivio, A study comparing endogenous protoporphyrin IX induced by 5 ALA and ALA methyl ester with exogenous PpIX dimethyl ester in photodynamic diagnosis of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts. International Journal of Oncology, 29, no. 4 (2006): 997-1002.
128. C L L Saw, C D O Olivio, K C Soo and P W S Heng, Spectroscopic characterization and photobleaching kinetics of hypericin N methyl pyrrolidone formulations. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 5 (2006): 1018-1023.
129. X Liu, P W S Heng, Q Li and L W Chan, Novel polymeric microspheres containing norcantharidin for chemoembolization. Journal of Controlled Release, 116, no. 1 (2006): 35-41.
130. P W S Heng, L W Chan and E S K Tang, Use of swirling airflow to enhance coating performance of bottom spray fluid bed coaters. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 327, no. 1-2 (2006): 26-35.
131. H Y Lee, L W Chan, A Dolzhenko and P W S Heng, Influence of viscosity and uronic acid composition of alginates on the properties of alginate films and microspheres produced by emulsification. Journal of Microencapsulation, 23, no. 8 (2006): 912-927.
132. Q Li, Z Z Fan, X Q Li, X H Liu, J Sun, W Gu, P W S Heng, and H Gao. Effects of interventional therapy with norcantharidin microsphere on hepatoma in rats and its mechanism. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine, 4 no 4 (2006): 378-383.
133. Q Li, Z Z Fan,J Sun, X Q Li, X H Liu, P W S Heng and M G Zhang. Effect of norcatharidin microspheres on embolization of hepatic artery in rabbits. Journal of Interventional Radiology, 15 no 6 (2006): 360-363.
134. K Zhu, R B H Tan, F X Chen, K Hadinoto and P W S Heng, Influence of particle wall adhesion on particle electrification in mixers. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 328, no. 1 (2007): 22-34.
135. W W L Chin, W K O Lau, R Bhuvaneswari, P W S Heng and C D O Olivio, Chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone as a fluorescent marker for fluorescence diagnosis of human bladder cancer implanted on the chick chorioallantoic membrance model. Cancer Letters, 245, no. 1-2 (2007): 127-133.
136. C L L Saw, C D O Olivio, W W L Chin, K C Soo and P W S Heng, Superiority of N-methyl pyrrolidone over albumin with hypericin for fluorescence diagnosis of human bladder cancer cells implanted in the chick chlorioallantoic membrane model. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B-Biology, 86, no. 3 (2007): 207-218.
137. G Ye, S Wang, P W S Heng, L Chen and C Wang, Development and optimization of solid dispersion containing pellets of itraconazole prepared by high shear pelletization. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 337, no. 1-2 (2007): 80-87.
138. C V Liew, S M Chua and P W S Heng, Elucidation of spheroid formation with and without the extrusion step. AAPS PharmSciTech, 8, no. 1 (2007): E1-E12.
139. L W Chan, Q Zhou and P W S Heng, Comparison of surface roughness parameters obtained by scanning probe microscopy for carrier particles of dry powder inhalers. Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, 7, no. 3 (2007): 217 222.
140. A D Karande, Q Zhou, L W Chan, P W S Heng and C V Liew, Scanning probe microscopy for surface roughness characterization of lactose carriers used in dry powder inhalation therapy. Journal of Scanning Probe Microscopy, 2, no. 1-2 (2007): 5-9. (Journal of Advanced Microscopy Research, 2, no. 1/2)
141. L W Chan, A L Ching, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Mechanistic study on hydration and drug release behavior of sodium alginate compacts. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 33, no. 6 (2007): 667 676.
142. W S Cheong, P W S Heng and T W Wong, Impact of a non meltable additive on melt agglomeration with a hydrophobic meltable binder in high shear mixer. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 12, no. 4 (2007): 371 380.
143. C L L Saw, C D O Olivio, T Wohland, C Y Fu, K W Kho, K C Soo and P W S Heng, Effects of N methyl pyrrolidone on the uptake of hypericin in human bladder carcinoma and co staining with DAPI investigated by confocal microscopy. Technology of Cancer Research and Treatment, 6, no. 5 (2007): 383-394.
144. W W L Chin, P W S Heng and C D O Olivio, Chlorin e6 - polyvinylpyrrolidone mediated photosensitization is effective against human non-small cell lung carcinoma compared to small cell lung carcinoma xenografts. BMC Pharmacology, 7, no. 15 (2007):
145. E S K Tang, C V Liew, D Z L Er, X H Liu, A J Wigmore and P W S Heng. Study of coat quality of tablets coated by an on-line supercell coater. AAPS PharmSciTech, 8 no 3 (2007) art. no. 63.
146. W W L Chin, B Ramaswamy, P S P Thong, P W S Heng, Y Y Gan, M Olivo and K C Soo, Preclinical and pilot clinical cancer studies using fluorescence-guided photodynamic therapy with chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone and hypericin. Singapore General Hospital Proceedings, 16 no 3 (2007): 118-126.
     Yr 2008
147. K T Chow, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Formulation of hydrophilic non-aqueous gel: drug stability in different solvents and rheological behaviour of gel matrices". Pharmaceutical Research, 25, no. 1 (2008): 207-217.
148. S Wang, G Ye, P W S Heng and M Ma, Investigation of high shear wet granulation processes using different parameters and formulations. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56, no. 1 (2008): 22-27.
149. K W Zhu, R B H Tan, W K Ng, S C Shen, Q ZHOU and P W S Heng, Analysis of the influence of relative humidity on the moisture sorption of particles and the aerosolization process in a dry powder inhaler. Journal of Aerosol Science, 39 (2008): 510-524.
150. C Wang, F Chen, P W S Heng, J Z Li, X Li, G H Ye, S F Nie and W S Pan, A novel time controlled release system based on drug resin complexes and elementary osmotic pump. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 56, no. 4 (2008): 457-463.
151. C H Goh, P W S Heng, P Huang, K Li and L W Chan, Interactions of antimicrobial compounds with cross linking agents of alginate dressings. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 62, no. 1 (2008): 105-108.
152. L L Saw, P W S Heng and C D O Olivio, Potentiation of the photodynamic action of hypericin. Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology and Oncology, 27, no. 1 (2008): 23-33.
153. Z H Loh, C V Liew, P W S Heng and CC Lee, Microwave assisted drying of pharmaceutical granules and its impact on drug stability. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 359, no. 1-2 (2008): 53-62.
154. K T Chow, K Zhu, R B H Tan and P W S Heng, Investigation of electrostatic behavior of a lactose carrier for dry powder inhalers. Pharmaceutical Research, 25, no. 12 (2008): 2822-2834.
155. L L Saw, P W S Heng and C V Liew, Chick chorioallantoic membrance as an in situ biological membrane for pharmaceutical formulation. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 34, no. 11 (2008): 1168-1177.
156. J L P Soh, L Yang, C V Liew, F D Cui and P W S Heng, Importance of small pores in microcrystalline cellulose for controlling water distribution during extrusion spheronization. AAPS Pharmscitech, 9, no. 3 (2008): 972-981.
157. K T Chow, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Characterization of spreadability of nonaqueous ethylcellulose gel matrices using dynamic contact angle. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 97, no. 8 (2008): 3467 3482.
158. W W L Chin, P W S Heng, P P T Soo, R Bhuvaneswari, W Hirt, S Kuenzel, K C Soo and C D O Olivio, Improved formulation of photosensitizer chorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone for fluorescence diagnostic imaging and photodynamic therapy of human cancer. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 69, no. 3 (2008): 1083-1093.
159. W W C Lim, P W S Heng, P L Lim, W K O Lau and C D O Olivio, Membrane transport enhancement of chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone and its photodynamic efficacy on the chick chorioallantoic model. Journal of Biophotonics, 1, no.5 (2008): 395-407.
160. L W Chan, E L C Cheah, C L L Saw, W Weng and P W S Heng. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Cortex Magnoliae Officinalis and some other medicinal plants commonly used in South-East Asia. Chinese Medicine, 3 (2008) art. no. 15.
161. K Zhu, W K Ng, S Shen, R B H Tan and P W S, Heng, Design of a device for simultaneous particle size and electrostatic charge measurement of inhalation drugs. Pharmaceutical Research, 25 no 11 (2008): 2488-2496.
162. L H Tan, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Rapid and convenient microsphere sizing. Pharmaceutical Technology Europe, 20 no 11 (2008): 37-42.
163. L W Chan, L H Tan and P W S Heng, Process analytical technology: Application to particle sizing in spray drying AAPS PharmSciTech, 9 no 1 (2008): 259-266.
164. E S K Tang, L K Wang, C V Liew, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Drying efficiency and particle movement in coating-Impact on particle agglomeration and yield International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 350 no 1-2 (2008): 172-180.
165. C C Lee, C L C Ong, P W S Heng, L W Chan and T W Wong, Interactive mixture as a rapid drug delivery system Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 34 no 2 (2008): 206-214.
166. C V Liew, Z H Loh, P W S Heng and C C Lee, A study on microwave-induced melt granulation in a single pot high shear processor Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 13 no 5 (2008) 401-411.
167. A L Ching, C V Liew, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Impact of cross-linker on alginate matrix integrity and drug release International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 355 no 1-2 (2008): 259-268.
168. A L Ching, C V Liew, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Modifying matrix micro-environmental pH to achieve sustained drug release from highly laminating alginate matrices European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 33 no 4-5 (2008): 361-370.
     Yr 2009
169. J Liu, L L Saw, C D O Olivio, T Sudhaharan, S Ahmed, P W S Heng and T Wohland, Study of interaction of hypericin and its pharmaceutical preparation by fluorescence techniques. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 14, no. 1 (2009): Art. No. 014003.
170. L H Tan, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Alginate/starch composites as wall material to achieve microencapsulation with high oil loading. Journal of Microencapsulation, 26, no. 3 (2009): 263-271.
171. C V Liew, D Z L Er and P W S Heng, Air-dictated bottom spray process: Impact of fluid dynamics on granule growth and morphology. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 35 (7), (2009): 866-876.
172. D Z L Er, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Layered growth with bottom-spray granulation for spray deposition of drug. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 377 (1-2), (2009): 16-24.
173. W W L Chin, P S P Thong, R Bhuvaneswari, K C Soo, P W S Heng and M Olivo, In-vivo optical detection of cancer using chlorin e6 - polyvinylpyrrolidone induced fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy. BMC Medical Imaging, 9, (2009): Art. no. 1.
174. W W L Chin, T Praveen, P W S Heng and M Olivo, Effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the interaction of chlorin e6 with plasma proteins and its subcellular localization European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 76 no. 2 (2010): 245-252.
175. C Cahyadi, A D Karande, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Comparative study of non-destructive methods to quantify thickness of tablet coatings. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 398 no. 1-2 (2010): 39-49.
176. L K Wang, P W S Heng and C V Liew, Online monitoring of particle mass flow rate in bottom spray fluid bed coating-Development and application. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 395 no. 1-2 (2010):215-221.
177. A D Karande, P W S Heng and C V Liew, In-line quantification of micronized drug and excipients in tablets by near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy: Real time monitoring of tabletting process. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 396 no. 1-2 (2010): 63-74.
178. A D Karande, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Calibration sampling paradox in near infrared spectroscopy: A case study of multi-component powder blend. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 395 no. 1-2 (2010): 91-97.
179. L K Wang, P W S Heng and C V Liew, Classification of annular bed flow patterns and investigation on their influence on the bottom spray fluid bed coating process. Pharmaceutical Research, 27 no. 5 (2010):756- 766.
180. E L C Cheah, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Optimization of supercritical fluid extraction and pressurized liquid extraction of active principles from Magnolia officinalis using the Taguchi design. Separation and Purification Technology, 71 no. 3 (2010): 293-301.
181. C V Liew, A D Karande and P W S Heng, In-line quantification of drug and excipients in cohesive powder blends by near infrared spectroscopy. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 386 no. 1-2 (2010): 138-148.
182. P W S Heng, Z H Loh, C V Liew and C C Lee, Dielectric properties of pharmaceutical materials relevant to microwave processing: Effects of field frequency, material density, and moisture content. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 99 no. 2 (2010): 941-957.
183. C V Liew, L K Wang and P W S Heng, Development of a visiometric process analyzer for real-time monitoring of bottom spray fluid-bed coating. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 99 no. 1 (2010): 346-356.
     Yr 2011
184. C Cahyadi, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Optimization of process parameters for a quasi-continuous tablet coating system using design of experiments. AAPS PHARMSCITECH, 12 no. 1 (2011): 119-131.
185. C Cahyadi, L W Chan, P Colombo and P W S Heng, The butterfly effect: A physical phenomenon of hypromellose matrices during dissolution and the factors affecting its occurrence. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 406 no. 1-2 (2011): 31-40.
186. W J Li, S Das, K Y Ng and P W S Heng, Biological and pharmacokinetic studies of sucrose ester-stabilized nanosuspensions of oleanolic acid. Pharmaceutical Research, 28 no. 8 (2011): 2020-2033.
187. 184 W Li, S Das, K Y Ng and P W S Heng, Formulation, biological and pharmacokinetic studies of sucrose ester-stabilized nanosuspensions of oleanolic acid. Pharmaceutical Research, 28 no 8 (2011): 2020-2033.
188. S M Tan, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Development of re-usable yeast-gellan gum micro-bioreactors for potential application in continuous fermentation to produce bio-ethanol. Pharmaceutics, 3 (2011) 731-744.
189. Z H Loh, D Z L Er, L W Chan, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Spray granulation for drug formulation. Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. (2011) 8(12):1645-1661.
190. Z H Loh, B Y Sia, C C Lee, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Evaluation of the physicochemical properties and compaction behavior of melt granules produced in microwave-induced and conventional melt granulation in a single pot high shear processor. AAPS PharmSciTech, 12, no. 4 (2011): 1374-1383.
191. S L M Tay, P W S Heng and L W Chan, An investigation of the chick chorioallantoic membrane as an alternative model to various biological tissues for permeation studies. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 63, no. 10 (2011): 1283-1289.
192. X Lin, W C Chin, K F Ruan, Y Feng, P W S Heng, Development of potential novel cushioning agents for the compaction of coated multi-particulates by co-processing micronized lactose with polymers. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 79, no. 2 (2011): 406-415.
193. B Lilia, S Kasapis, V Chaudhary, K T Chow, P W S Heng and L P Leong, Temperature and time effects on the structural properties of a non-aqueous ethyl cellulose topical drug delivery system. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86 (2011): 644-651.
194. S M Tan, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Development of re-usable yeast-gellan gum micro-bioreactors for potential application in continuous fermentation to produce bio-ethanol. Pharmaceutics, 3 no 4 (2011): 731-744.
195. H M Hien, P W S Heng, N van Thi, N K Quynh Cu and V T B Hue, Development and validation of a GC-MS method for rapid determination of calophyllolide in Calophyllum inophyllum L.: A quality control approach. Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines, 9 no 6 (2011): 429-434.
     Yr 2012
196. K S Asim, K Y Ng and P W S Heng, Cone milling of compacted flakes: Process parameter selection by adopting the minimal fines approach. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 422, no. 1-2 (2012): 17-23.
197. C H Goh, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Cross-linker and non-gelling Na+ effects on multi-functional alginate dressings. Carbohydrate Polymers, 97, no. 2 (2012): 1796-1802.
198. Z H Loh, Z L D Er, L W Chan, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Spray granulation for drug formulation. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 8, no. 12 (2012): 1645-1661.
199. C Cahyadi, B X Tan, L W Chan and P W S Heng, A study on in-line tablet coating-the influence of compaction and coating on tablet dimensional changes. AAPS PharmSciTech, 13, no. 3 (2012): 785-792.
200. S L M Tay, P W S Heng and L W Chan, The chick chorioallantoic membrane imaging method as a platform to evaluate vasoactivity and assess irritancy of compounds. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 64, no. 8 (2012): 1128 1137.
201. P M Desai, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Understanding disintegrant action by visualization. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 101, no. 6 (2012): 2155 2164.
202. C Cahyadi, J S J Koh, Z H LOH, L W Chan and P W S Heng, A feasibility study on pellet coating using a high speed quasi continuous coater. AAPS PharmSciTech, 13, no. 4 (2012): 1276 1286.
203. L M S Tay, P W S Heng and L W Chan, The CAM LDPI method: A novel platform for the assessment of drug absorption. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 64, no. 4 (2012): 517 529.
204. C H Goh, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Alginates as a useful natural polymer for microencapsulation and therapeutic applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 88, no. 1 (2012): 1-12.
205. L Bruno, S Kasapis and P W S Heng, Effect of hydration on the structure of non aqueous ethyl cellulose / propylene glycol dicaprylate gels. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 50, no. 2 (2012): 385-392.
206. X Kou, L W Chan, H Steckel and P W S Heng, Physico chemical aspects of lactose for inhalation. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 64, no. 3 (2012): 220-232.
207. L Bruno, S Kasapis and P W S Heng, Effect of polymer molecular weight on the structural properties of non aqueous ethyl cellulose gels intended for topical drug delivery. Carbohydrate Polymers, 88, no. 1 (2012): 382-388.
     Yr 2013
208. S Rathore, P M Desai, C V Liew, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Microencapsulation of microbial cells". Journal of Food Engineering, 116, no. 2 (2013): 369-381.
209. S M Ooi, S Srimanta, G Van Varenbergh, K Schoeters and P W S Heng, "Continuous processing and the applications of online tools in pharmaceutical product manufacture: Developments and examples". Therapeutic Delivery, 4, no. 4 (2013): 463-470.
210. S Paul, P W S Heng and L W Chan, Optimization in solvent selection for chlorin e6 in photodynamic therapy. Journal of Fluorescence, 23, no. 2 (2013): 283-291.
211. A K Samanta, A D Karande, K Y Ng and P W S Heng, Application of near infrared spectroscopy in real time monitoring of product attributes of ribbed roller compacted flakes. AAPS PharmSciTech, 14, no. 3 (2013): 86-100.
212. P M Wong, L W Chan and P W S Heng, Investigation on side spray fluidized bed granulation with swirling airflow. AAPS PharmSciTech, 14, no. 1 (2013): 211-221.
213. S Srimanta, S, P W S Heng and C V Liew, Insights into the functionality of pelletization aid in pelletization by extrusion spheronization. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 18, no. 1 (2013): 61-72.
214. C Cahyadi, L W Chan and P W S Heng, The reality of in line tablet coating. Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 18, no. 1 (2013): 2-16.
215. P M Desai, C V Liew and P W S Heng, Assessment of disintegration of rapidly disintegrating tablets by a visiometric liquid jet mediated disintegration apparatus. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 442, no. 1 2 (2013): 65-73.
216. P V Quyet, A K Samanta, C V Liew, L W Chan, P W S Heng, A prediction model for monitoring ribbed roller compacted ribbons, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 102 (8), (2013): 2667-2678.
217. S Paul, S Selvam, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Elucidation of monomerization effect of PVP on chlorin e6 aggregates by spectroscopic, chemometric, thermodynamic and molecular simulation studies. Journal of Fluorescence, 23 (5), (2013): 1065-1076.
218. S Paul, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Elucidation of monomerization effect of PVP on chlorin e6 aggregates by spectroscopic, chemometric, thermodynamic and molecular simulation studies. Journal of Fluorescence, 23, no. 5 (2013): 1065-1076. Yr 2014
219. C Romchat, L W Chan, P W S Heng, Ex-vivo permeation study of chlorin e6-polyvinylpyrrolidone complexes through the chick chlorioallantoic membrane model. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 66, no. 7 (2014): 943-953.
220. C M Oh, X Guo, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Spray-congealed microparticles for drug delivery- an overview of factors influencing their production and characteristics. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 11, no. 7 (2014): 1047-1060.
221. S Rathore, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Feasibility study on microencapsulation of anaerobic Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 by emulsification method for application in biobutanol production. Journal of Microencapsulation, 31, no. 5 (2014): 469-478.
222. W Li, K L Ng, P W S Heng, Development and evaluation of optimized sucrose ester stabilized oleanolic acid nanosuspensions prepared by wet ball milling with design of experiments. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 37, no. 6 (2014): 926-937.
223. S Paul, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Elucidating chlorin e6-sucrose ester interaction using coarse-grain modeling and fluorescence spectroscopic technique. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 451 (2014): 125-135.
224. A K Samanta, L Wang, K L Ng, P W S Heng, Energy-based analysis of cone milling process for comminution of roller compacted flakes. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 462, no. 1-2 (2014): 108-114.
225. B M J Tan, Z H Loh, J L P Soh, C V Liew, P W S Heng, Distribution of a viscous binder during high shear granulation - Sensitivity to the method of delivery and its impact on product properties. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 460, no. 1-2 (2014): 255-263.
226. P M Desai, P X H Er, C V Liew, P W S Heng, Functionality of Disintegrants and Their Mixtures in Enabling Fast Disintegration of Tablets by a Quality by Design Approach, AAPS PharmSciTech, 15, no. 5, (2014): 1093-1104.
227. S Sarkar, S M Ooi, C V Liew, B X Tan, P W S Heng, Influence of disintegrants in different substrate physical form on dimensional recovery of multi-component tablet. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 475 no. 1–2, (2014): 558–565.
     Yr 2015
228. B M J Tan, J Y S Tay, P M Wong, L W Chan, P W S Heng, Investigation of the milling capabilities of the F10 Fine Grind mill using Box-Behnken designs. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics. 89 (January 2015): 208–215.
229. M Xu, C V Liew, P W S Heng, Evaluation of the coat quality of sustained release pellets by individual pellet dissolution methodology. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 478, no. 1, (15 January 2015): 318–327.
230. S Sarkar, S M Ooi, C V Liew, P W S Heng, Influence of Rate of Force Application During Compression on Tablet Capping. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 104, no. 4, (April 2015): 1319–1327.
231. C Cahyadi, L W Chan, P W S Heng, A comparative study between conventional pan coater and quasi-continuous small batch coater on the stability of tablets containing acetylsalicylic acid. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 90 (February 2015): 30–37
232. Z H Loh, A K Samanta, P W S Heng, Overview of milling techniques for improving the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015, Available online 17 February 2015.
233. S Rathore, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Microencapsulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 spores in gellan gum microspheres for the production of biobutanol. Journal of Microencapsulation, 2015 online March 12, 2015.231.
234. P C H Wong, P W S Heng, LW Chan, Determination of solid state characteristics of spray-congealed ibuprofen solid lipid microparticles and their impact on sustaining drug release. Molecular pharmaceutics, 2015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00015. Publication Date (Web): April 7, 2015.
235. M Xu, P W S Heng, C V Liew, Evaluation of coat uniformity and taste-masking efficiency of irregular-shaped drug particles coated in a modified tangential spray fluidized bed processor. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, Posted online on June 8, 2015. (doi:10.1517/17425247.2015.1054278)
236. C M Oh, P W S Heng, L W Chan, Influence of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose on Metronidazole Crystallinity in Spray-Congealed Polyethylene Glycol Microparticles and Its Impact with Various Additives on Metronidazole Release, AAPS PharmSciTech, May 2015
237. L K Wang, P W S Heng, C L Liew, Cluster Formation and Drag Reduction—Proposed Mechanism of Particle Recirculation within the Partition Column of the Bottom Spray Fluid-Bed Coater. J. Pharm. Sci., 104: 1303–1310. Apr 2015.