Publications

1. Williams T *Baker JS (1994) Physiological differences between first and second class flankers and sedentary individuals. Published in Proceedings of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Science Conference.Manchester Metropolitan University. 11th March pp 3-4.
2. Simmonds G, *Baker JS(1994) Physiological differences between Collegiate, Collegiate International and Full International Rugby Union Outside Halves. Published in Proceedings of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Science Conference.Manchester Metropolitan University. 11th March pp 5-6.
3. Williams S, *Baker JS Cooper SM., and Tomlinson K. (1994) Evidence of a relationship between body composition and plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol in active young males. Published in Proceedings of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Science Conference.Manchester Metropolitan University. 11th March pp 22-23.
4. *Baker JSRamsbottom R., Hazeldine R. (1994) Variation in lactate production using accepted anaerobic laboratory protocols. Access to Active Living.Published in Proceedings of the 10th Commonwealth & International Scientific Congress.University of Victoria. Victoria, British Columbia, Canada. Published in conference proceedings, P46.
5. McCahn A, *Baker JS Treadwell P (1994) Analysis of karate performance. Second World Notational Analysis Conference. November 27th-30th. University of Wales Institute Cardiff.Proceedings of the Notational Analysis Research Group.ED’s; M. Hughes, I. Franks and K. Lyons.
6. John P,*Baker JSTreadwell P (1994) Analysis of Rugby Union Performance. Second World Notational Analysis Conference. November 27th-30th. University of Wales Institute Cardiff.Proceedings of the Notational Analysis Research Group.EDs ; M. Hughes, I. Franks and K. Lyons.
7. Crawford E; *Baker JS Treadwell P. (1994) Analysis of a notation system looking at the type and time of injuries occurring in soccer matches. Second World Notational Analysis Conference. November 27th-30th. University of Wales Institute Cardiff.Proceedings of the Notational Analysis Research Group.EDs ; M. Hughes, I. Franks and K. Lyons.
8. Wiltshire HD, Cooper S-M,and *Baker JS (1995) Variations in anthropometric and performance related characteristics of adolescent international rugby union players. Proceedings of the Third Science and Football Conference.EDs T Reilly.
9. Thornhill  P., *Baker JS Cooper SM. (1995) Physiological responses to maximal upper extremity exercise in elite paraplegic athletes. Journal of Sports Science. 13. No 1. pp 45-46
10. Nicholas C., and *Baker JS (1995) Anthropometric and  Physiological  differences  between forwards and backs in elite rugby union players. Journal of Sports Science. 13. No 1. pp 15-16
11. Williams S., *Baker JS Cooper SM., and Tomlinson K., (1995) Evidence of a relationship between body composition and plasma high density lipoprotein cholesterol in active young males. Journal of Sports Science. 13. No 6 pp. 509-510
12. Williams S., *Baker JS and Cooper SM (1995) Somatotype of collegiate and second class Rugby Union football players. Journal of Sports Science. 13. No 6 pp. 509-510
13. Williams S., *Baker JS Cooper SM, and Tomlinson K (1995) Body composition and plasma high density lipoprotein analysis in young male rugby union players. Journal of Sports Science. 13. No 6 pp. 509-510
14. Williams SG., *Baker JS and Cooper SM (1995) Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of Amateur Association football players. Journal of Sports Science. 13. No 6 pp. 509-510
15. Bailey D, Davies B, and *Baker JS (1998) Lipid-lipoprotein concentrations following intermittent normobarichypoxic training. Presented to the Physiological Society. University of Cardiff, U.K. December, 1998.TheJournal of Physiology.515P. 67 (1999).
16. 16.*Baker JS Davies B, Bailey D, and Williams S. (1999) Validation of a modified progressive aerobic shuttle run test as a measure of anaerobic performance. Presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Seattle, USA. June 1999. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 31, 5, pp S82.
17. Bailey D, Davies B, and *Baker JS (1999) Physical training in normobaric hypoxia: modulation of selected metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy males.Presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Seattle, USA. June 1999.  Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 31, 5.pp S182.
18. Bailey, D.M., *Baker, JS., Richards, M., Heusch, D., Ponting, R., Ashton, T., McDowell, I.F.W. and Davies, B. (1999).  Changes in coronary artery disease risk factors following intermittent hypoxic training.  Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise31, Abstract 812.
19. Bailey D, Davies B, and *Baker JS(1999) Changes in coronary artery risk factors following hypoxic training in healthy males.  Presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, Seattle, USA. June 1999.  Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 31, 5.pp S182.
20. Bailey D, Davies B, E.A Newsholme and *Baker JS(1999) Physical training in normobaric hypoxia: modulation of plasma amino acids and implications for exercise performance. Presented to the Physiological Society. University of Cardiff, U.K. December, 1998.The Journal of Physiology.515P. 68P (1999).
21. Williams S, Bailey D, Davies B, and *Baker JS (1999) Somatatypes of men undergoing coronory angiography. Presented to the Physiological Society.University of Cardiff, U.K. December, 1998.The Journal of Physiology.515p. 78P (1999).
22. Bailey D, Davies B, and *Baker JS (1999) Implications of normobaric hypoxic training on resting  homocysteine. Presented to the Physiological Society. University of Cardiff, U.K. December, 1998.The Journal of Physiology.515P. 67P (1999).
23. *Baker JS Davies B, Bailey D, Hullin D, Young I, Davison G and Morgan, R.R. (2000) Evidence of Oxidative Stress following variation in resistive force during 30 s high intensity cycle ergometry. Communications to the Annual Conference Free Radical Biology and Medicine Research group.University of Liverpool.19th - 22nd July. P55. 
24. Baker JS,Bailey, D.M., Young, I.S., Hullin, D., Morgan, R., Davison, G.W. and Davies, B. (2000).  Metabolic evidence of oxidative stress in response to variation in resistive force during 30 seconds of high intensity cycle ergometry.In:  Fenton, L., Iwanejko, L., Jack, C., Jackson, M., McArdle, A., McArdle, F. and Merry, B. (eds).Proceedings of the Society for Free Radical Research,P5,pp 55.   
25. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2001) Non-invasive cardiovascular parameters in males using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) Journal of Sports Science. 19. 1. pp 47-48.
26. *Baker JS Davies, B. and Bailey, D. M. (2001) Physiological and metabolic implications of optimisation protocols during high intensity cycle ergometry exercise. Body mass or body composition?Communications to the Annual Conference of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. University of Wales, Newport, 4 -7th September. pp 31-32. Published in The Journal of Sports Sciences (2002) Vol 20, 1. pp 32-33.
27. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2001) Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS) Communications to the Annual Conference of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Sciences. University of Wales, Newport, 4-7th September. pp 49-50. Published in The Journal of Sports Sciences (2002) Vol 20, 1. pp 49-50.
28. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2002) Cardiovascular effects on Blood Lipids and Apolipoproteins in males using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)  Presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine, St Louis, USA. May 28 th -June 1st 2002. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 34,5.S255 pp 1425. 
29. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2002) Cardiovascular effects on Blood Lipids in males using Anabolic Androgenic Steroids (AAS)  Presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Windermere, Cumbria. October 10th-13th 2002. British Journal of Sports Medicine. Volume 36, 021 pp 388-389.
30. Evans, N. and *Baker JS (2002) High intensity cycle ergometer performance and running ability in elite rugby union players.  Presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Windermere, Cumbria. October 10th-13th 2002.British Journal of Sports Medicine. Volume 36, 023, pp 389
31. Williams, R. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2002) Strength training adaptations: 1 set vs 3 set training protocols.  Presented at the 2002 Annual Meeting of the British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine, Windermere, Cumbria.October 10th-13th 2002, British Journal of Sports Medicine.Volume 36. 024. pp 389.
32. *Baker JS and Davies, B (2003) Power profiles of international rugby players. Presented at the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, May 28th - 31st, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.Volume 35, Number 5, pp S337.
33. A.P. Jammes1, E. Doré1, *JS Baker2, M. Graham2, E. Van Praagh1, FACSM (2003) Upper body contribution during leg cycling peak power in teenage boys and girls Laboratory of Exercise Biology (BAPS), UFR STAPS, Blaise Pascal University, Clermont-Ferrand, France.1 Field of Health and Exercise Science, School of Applied Sciences, Glamorgan University, Pontypridd, Wales, UK2. Presented at the American College of Sports Medicine, San Francisco, May 28th-31st, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.Volume 35, Number 5, pp S24.
34. Grace FM, Sculthorpe N, *Baker JS et al. (2003). A potential role for the sex hormones in the determination of plasma Homocysteine (HCY) concentrations.Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise.Volume 35, Number 5, pp S267.
35. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2003) The Effects of Long Term Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) use on Blood Lipids and Apolipoproteins. Journal of Sports Sciences.Vol 21, Number 4. pp 323-324.
36. Franklin, K. Gordon, R. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2003) Acceleration and moment of inertia dynamics during friction loaded cycle ergometry. Paper presented at Ergonomics conference. Burton Manor, Cheshire October 19th-21st, published in conference proceedings and Journal of Sport Sciences.
37. Grace, F, *Baker JS and Davies, B (2003) Altered myocardial electrophysiology after prolonged illicit anabolic androgenic steroid use. Paper presented to the British Association of Sport and Exercise Medicine. Sheffield, 3rd-6th September, published in conference proceedings and British Journal of Sports Medicine 2003; Volume37; Issue 5 pp 466-467.
38. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2003) Pathological Blood Lipid and Apolipoprotein Alterations Following Long Term Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) Use. Paper presented at the 9th European nutrition conference Rome Italy October 1st-4th,Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (2003) Volume 47, PS.Q 24 pp 615.
39. Grace, F. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2003) Evidence of Hyperhomocystemia Following Long Term Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) Use. Paper presented at the 9thEuropean nutrition conference Rome Italy October 1st-4th.Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism (2003) Volume 47, PS. Q 8 pp 609.
40. Simon Williams, 1 Non Thomas, 1 Rhys Williams, 3*Baker JS1 and Bruce Davies, 1. (2003) Cardiorespiratory fitness, obesity and the metabolic syndrome in 12 to 13-year old children. 1 Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, School of Applied Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL. 3 The Clinical School, University of Wales, Swansea. Paper presented at the association for the study of obesity Institute of child health Guildford street London, Thursday 20th November, published in conference proceedings.
41. *Baker JS and Davies B (2004) Optimised high intensity cycle ergometry: relationships between laboratory and field measures of performance. Paper presented at the 12th International congress on Physical Education and Sport, 21-23 May. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science. Democritus University of Thrace Komotini, Greece, published in Exercise and Society, Journal of Sport Science, Volume 31, 362, pp 1-2
42. *Baker JS and Davies B (2004) Optimised high intensity cycle ergometry: Problems related to power assessment Paper presented at the 12th International congress on Physical Education and Sport, 21-23 May. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science. Democritus University of Thrace Komotini, Greece, published in Exercise and Society, Journal of Sport Science, Volume 31, 362, pp 3-5
43. Simon Williams 1 Non Thomas 2 Rhys Williams 3*Baker JS1 and Bruce Davies 1  (2004) Overweight and obese 12 and 13-year old children show features of the metabolic syndrome and increased fibrinogen but not hyperhomocyteineaemia1 Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, School of Applied Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, UK. 2 University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.3 The Clinical School, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK. Paper presented at the 13th European Congress on Obesity 26-29th May. Prague congress centre, Czech Republic. International Journal of Obesity2004; 28, (Suppl 1): S204.
44. Grace, F.*Baker JS and Davies, B. (2004) Elevated Levels of C-Reactive Protein in Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) Users. Presented at the American College of Sports Medicine Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 2nd – 5th. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 36, 5, pp S170.
45. *Baker JS Cooper, SM and Davies, B. (2004) Strength training adaptations: one set vs three set training protocols. Presented at the American College of Sports Medicine Conference, Indianapolis, Indiana, June 2nd - 5th.Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 36, 5, pp S53.
46. *Baker JSand Bruce Davies (2004) Resistive force considerations during brief high intensity cycle ergometry exercise: Implications for overweight subjects. Paper presented to the physiology section of the 9th annual congress of the European College of Sports Science, Clermont - Ferrand, 3-6th July 2004 France, published in conference proceedings.P54J09, PP 206 - 207
47. Grace F, Baker JS, and Davies, B. (2004) Anabolic Androgenic Steroid (AAS) use and concentrations of C-reactive protein. Paper accepted for presentation at the 9th annual congress of the European College of sports science, Clemont-Ferrand, France 3-6th July, published in conference proceedings. P64006, PP 357 - 358.
48. *Baker JSand Bruce Davies (2004) Resistive force considerations during brief high intensity cycle ergometry exercise: Implications for overweight subjects. Paper presented to the biomechanics section of the 9th annual congress of the European College of Sports Science, Clermont - Ferrand, 3-6th July 2004 France, published in conference proceedings. P54J09, PP 206 - 207
49. Franklin, K. Gordon, R. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2004) A study into determining the moment of inertia for a rope braked cycle ergometer. Paper presented at the 5th Engineering of sport international conference, University of California Davis, Davis, California. September 13th-16th,Journal of Sports Engineering. 7, No 4 2004 p192
50. Franklin, K. Gordon, R. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2004) Determination of accurate brake loads for a friction loaded rope braked cycle ergometer. Paper presented at the 5th Engineering of sport international conference, University of California Davis, Davis, California. September 13th-16th,Journal of Sports Engineering, 7, No 4 2004 p193
51. Franklin, K. Gordon, R. *Baker JS and Davies, B. (2004) Identification of measurement errors during the Wingate anaerobic test. Paper presented at the 5th Engineering of sport international conference, University of California Davis, Davis, California. September 13th-16th,Journal of Sports Engineering,7, No 4 2004 p194
52. Non-Eleri Thomas 1 PhD, Stephen-Mark Cooper 1 MSc, Simon P. Williams 2 PhD, *Baker JS2PhD andBruce Davies 2 PhD (2004)  High Sensitivity C-Reactive protein in relation to BMI, Waist Girth and Cardio respiratory fitness in 12 and 13 year old children. Physical Activity and the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity: How Much, What and When. 18th Nov Institute of Child Health, 30, Guildford Street, London WC1N 1EH Published in conference proceedings.
53. Shannon R. Siegel1, Non-Eleri Thomas2, Stephen-Mark Cooper2, Maria Peña Reyes3, Eyra Cardenas Barahona3, Simon P. Williams4, *Baker JS4, Bruce Davies FACSM4, Robert M. Malina, FACSM5(2005) Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in Welsh and Mexican School Youth. 1Portland Community College, Portland, OR.2University of Wales Institute, Cardiff, Cardiff, United Kingdom.3Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México, DF, Mexico.4University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, United Kingdom.5Tarleton State University, Stephenville, TX.Paper presented at the 52nd Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine June 1- 4 2005. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, Volume 37:5 Supplement ppS429.
54. SRP Williams, N Thomas, R Williams, MB Gravenor, S-M Cooper, *Baker JSand B Davies (2005) The prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia and low HDL-cholesterol in children and adolescents in Wales, UK: Preliminary observations and comparison of paediatric and adult cut-off points. In collaboration with Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. Paper presented at the 1st International Congress on Prediabetes and the Metabolic Syndrome, April 13th 2005, Berlin.Published in conference proceedings.
55. R.S. Gordon1, K.L. Franklin1, *Baker JS2, B Davis2 (2005) Engineering Implications on Physiological measurements using a Monark rope braked ergometer. Paper presented at the Joint International Meeting of the Physiological Society and the Federation of European Physiological Societies. Bristol University, Wednesday 20 July - Saturday 23rd July 2005. Published in conference proceedings C135 PP 82 and the Journal of Physiology
56. R.S. Gordon1, K.L. Franklin1, *Baker JS2, B Davis2 (2005) The Identification of Inaccuracies of measured and calculated parameters During a Wingate Test Using Taguchi methods. Paper presented at the Joint International Meeting of the Physiological Society and the Federation of European Physiological Societies. Bristol University, Wednesday 20 July - Saturday 23rd July 2005. Published in conference proceedings C136 PP 82-83 and the Journal of Physiology
57. Michael R. Graham1, *Baker JS1, Andrew Kicman2, David Cowan2, David Hullin3and Bruce Davies1. Recombinant Human Growth Hormone (rhGH) -Effects Anthropometric and Psychological profiles(2005). Paper presented at the Physiological Society,University College London, Focused Meeting: The Neuroscience of Human Movement in Health and Disease, 19th- 20th December. Published in conference proceedings PC 31, page 29.
58. Baker JS and Davies B (2006) Resistive force selection during brief intensity exercise: Implications in the assessment of power for obese/overweight subjects’ Paper presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American College of Sports Medicine 31st May-3rd June Denver, Colorado. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise.38, 5, 5315, 1899.
59. Michael R. Graham1, *Baker JS1, David Hullin3, Andrew Kicman2, David Cowan2 and Bruce Davies1. (2006) Recombinant Human Growth Hormone - Effects on Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity, Homocysteine and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in weight training individuals 1Department of Exercise and Health Science, School of Applied Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, UNITED KINGDOM; 2Drug Control Centre, Kings College London, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Cardiff, UNITED KINGDOM. Paper presented at the Physiological Society, University College London, UKDate: 5-7 July 2006.
60. Retallick CJ1, Thomas N2, Cockcroft JR3, McDonnell B3, Munnery M3, Williams R4, Rowe D5, Davies B1, Baker JS1, Whitcombe D1, Williams SRP1 and the Enigma Study Investigators(2006)Prevalence Estimates of the Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents in Wales, UK1Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, UK.2School of Sport and Physical Education, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.3Wales Heart Research Institute, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK.4Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK.5Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Minges Coliseum, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA Paper presented at the International congress on obesity, Sydney Australia, 3-8 September.
61. *Baker JS1 Van Praagh E2Gelsei M P1 Thomas M1 and Davies B1 (2006) High-intensity intermittent cycle ergometer exercise: effect of recovery duration and resistive force selection on performance and recovery Paper presented at the 3rd All - Wales Conference on Sport, Exercise Medicine and Science at UWIC on July 6th 2006.
62. Retallick CJ1, Rowe D2, Thomas N3, Cockcroft JR4, McDonnell B4, Munnery M4, Williams R5, Davies B1, Baker JS1, Whitcombe D1, Williams SRP1 and the Enigma Study Investigators(2006) Obesity Prevalence Estimates in Children and Adolescents in Wales, UK: A Comparison of Standards Based on BMI and Waist Girth1Health and Exercise Science Research Unit, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, UK.2Department of Exercise and Sport Science, Minges Coliseum, East Carolina University, Greenville, USA3School of Sport and Physical Education, University of Wales Institute Cardiff, Cardiff, UK.4Wales Heart Research Institute, University of Wales, Cardiff, UK. 5Department of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Wales, Swansea, UK. Paper presented at the International congress on obesity, Sydney Australia, 3-8 September.
63. Michael R. Graham1, Andrew Kicman2, David Cowan2, David Hullin3 Bruce Davies and *Baker JS(2006) Recombinant human growth hormone in withdrawing androgenic-anabolic steroid use: Psychological, endocrine, and trophic factor effects Presented to the Physiological Society, University of Bristol 4-5th December. Published in Physiological Society Proceedings 7P PC3
64. Sabin MA1, De Hora M2, Holly JMP1, Ford AL1, Williams SRP3, Baker JS3, Retallick C3, Hunt LP1, Crowne EC1, Shield JPH1. (2006) Increased levels of myristate, palmitate and oleate predominantly account for the raised circulating Non-Esterified Fatty Acid (NEFA) levels seen in obese children.1University of Bristol & Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol, UK.BS2 8AE 2Biochemical Genetics Metabolic Laboratory, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.BS10 5NB.3School of Applied Sciences, University of Glamorgan, Wales, UK.CF37 1DL. Paper presented at the International congress on obesity, Sydney Australia, 3-8 September.
65. Michael R. Graham1, *Baker JS1, David Hullin3, Andrew Kicman2, David Cowan2 and Bruce Davies1. (2006) Recombinant Human Growth Hormone - Effects on Arterial Pulse Wave Velocity, Homocysteine and high sensitivity C-Reactive Protein in weight training individuals1Department of Exercise and Health Science, School of Applied Science, University of Glamorgan, Pontypridd, Wales, UNITED KINGDOM; 2Drug Control Centre, Kings College London, UNITED KINGDOM; 3Royal Glamorgan Hospital, Cardiff, UNITED KINGDOM. Paper presented at the Physiological Society, University College London, UKDate: 5-7 July 2006.
66. *Baker JS1 Van Praagh E2Gelsei M P1 Thomas M1 and Davies B1 (2006) High-intensity intermittent cycle ergometer exercise: effect of recovery duration and resistive force selection on performance and recovery Paper presented at the 3rd All - Wales Conference on Sport, Exercise Medicine and Science at UWIC on July 6th 2006.
67. Michael R. Graham1, Andrew Kicman2, David Cowan2, David Hullin3 Bruce Davies and *Baker JS(2006) Recombinant human growth hormone in withdrawing androgenic-anabolic steroid use: Psychological, endocrine, and trophic factor effects Presented to the Physiological Society, University of Bristol 4-5th December. Published in Physiological Society Proceedings 7P PC3
68. Baker JS1 and Bruce Davies1 (2006) Health Status of Welsh Schoolchildren. Barriers to Physical Activity and Lifestyle changes.Presented to the Welsh Institute of Sport Health and Exercise Sciences Research Committee.School of Medical Biosciences, University of Wales College Cardiff. December 18th.
69. Michael R. Graham1, *Baker JS1, David Hullin3, Andrew Kicman2, David Cowan2 and Bruce Davies1 (2007) Short-term Growth Hormone administration improves Respiratory Function in an unusual catabolic condition. Focused Meeting of the Physiological Society; Perinatal physiology: from uterus to brain University of Edinburgh 11-14 February. Published in the proceedings of the Physiological Society PC17.