Education

Biography

I am currently Professor of Physiology, and Director of Physiology at the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill (LECOM-SH), Greensburg, PA, USA. I also served as Director of Examination Management and Evaluation at LECOM-SH (2009-2015); past Director of the Independent Study Pathway (ISP/DSP; 2001-2009) at LECOM, Erie, PA, USA, and Director of Physiology (1995-1999) at the NY Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine (NYITCOM / NYCOM).

As the senior physiologist at LECOM, I work closely with students and faculty to assure a quality, integrated basic and clinical science education and development of lifelong learning skills. I particularly apply my leadership experience, working with the NBOME and other testing organizations, to oversee and help students prepare for the COMLEX Level 1 and USMLE Step 1.

I have been and continue to be involved in osteopathic research and education since 1992, and have authored numerous publications and presentations at national and international meetings of educators and researchers. I have recently published papers in Academic Medicine (2010) and Med. Ed. Online (2015). Being a reviewer for a number of journals, I am also an Associate Editor of Medical Science Educator.

My elected positions include: Vice-Chair and then Chair of the Biomedical Sciences Committee of the NY Academy of Sciences; Board of Directors of the International Association of Medical Science Educators (IAMSE); and Chair of the Steering Committee of the Society of Osteopathic Medical Educators (SOME) of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM), and he remains an active elected member of this Steering Committee.

With my credentials in the field of educational research, I was elected to membership as a Fellow of the National Academy of Osteopathic Medical Educators (NAOME) in 2012, and serve on numerous research and education committees.

Additionally, I am involved in scientific education of the general public, having been a regular contributor to Scientific American and Scientific American Mind, and having my work noted and published in a number of newspaper articles and periodicals such as USA Today, Newsday (NY), Fitness Magazine, and Runners World.

Research Interest

Educational Research interests: Curriculum development and implementation in lecture-based, problem based, and independent study; generation of predictive and assessment examinations to enable osteopathic medical students to excel in the COMLEX series of examinations; facilitation of the development of lifelong learning abilities in osteopathic medical students; computer aided instruction development and implementation for physiology. Biomedical Research interests: Muscle as a model protein system; osteopathic manipulation as a clinical intervention; molecular mechanics of striated and non-striated muscle activation and regulation; effects of altered somatic innervation on cellular muscle function; fatigue mechanisms in muscle and adaptations to physical training.  

Scientific Activities:

• July 2009 - present: Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine at Seton Hill, Greensburg. PA (additional site)
• Professor and Director of Physiology for PBL (2009-present ),
• Director of the Examination Management of the PBL Pathway 2009-2011.
• Director of the Examination Management forMS2 of the PBL Pathway 2011-present.
• Member of self-study and accreditation group for AOA and Middle States accreditations, 2001-present
• Director of General Pathology, 2011-2012
• Co-Director of Histology, 2011-2012
• August 1999 -July 2009: Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Erie. PA 16509 Professor of Physiology (2006-2009),
• Associate Professor of Physiology (1999-2006),
• Student Applicant Interview and Selection Committee (1999-2009),
• Director (In Dean’s cabinet; Assistant Dean Level) of the Independent Study Pathway 2001-2009.The pathway received full accreditation in 2005, under my direction.
• Course Director for Physiology in the Biomedical Science Post-baccalaureate Program2003-2009.
• Member of the Executive Board for the Primary Care Scholars Pathway (2006-2008)
• Lead member in self-study and accreditation groups for American Osteopathic Assn. and Middle States
• Commission on Higher Education accreditations, 2001-present
• Associate Director for Basic Medical Sciences of the Independent Study Pathway 2000-2001.
• Director of Physiologyfor Problem Based Learning 2000-2009.
• Member of the Executive Board for Problem Based Learning 2000-2009.
• Course Director of Cardiovascular System 1999-2004.Conducted full, multiple award-winning, revision.
• Course Director of Renal and Reproductive Systems 1999-2000.

Publications

Full Publications

1. Price, D.W., D.P. Wagner, N.K.Krane,S.C. Rougas, N.R.Lowitt,R.S. Offodile, J. Easdown,M.A.W. Andrews,C.M. Kodner,M.Lypson, and B.E. Barnes. 2015. What are Implications of Implementation Science for Medical Education?Med. Ed. Online.Apr 23;20:27003. doi: 10.3402/meo.v20.27003.
2. Finnerty, E.P, S. Chauvin, G.Bonaminio, M. Andrews, R.G. Carroll, L.N. Pangaro. 2010. Flexner Revisited: The Role and Value of theBasic Sciences in Medical Education. Academic Medicine, 85:349-355.
3. Andrews, M.A.W. and T.M. Nosek. 1998. Fatigue conditions alter sarcoplasmic reticulum function of striated muscle. Annals NY Acad. Sci. 853:300-303.
4. Nosek, T.M. and M.A.W. Andrews. 1998. Ion-specific effects on contraction of skinned rabbit cardiac papillary muscle. PfluegersArchiv. 435: 394-401.
5. Andrews, M.A.W., R.E. Godt, and T.M. Nosek. 1996. The influence of physiological L(+)-lactate levels on contractility of skinned striated muscle of rabbit. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 2060-2065.
6. Godt, R.E., R.T.H. Fogaça, M.A.W. Andrews and T.M. Nosek. 1993. Influence of ionic strength on contractile force and energy consumption of skinned fibers from mammalian and crustacean striated muscle. Adv. Exp.Med. Biol.332: 763-773.
7. Andrews, M.A.W., D.W. Maughan, T. M. Nosek and R.E. Godt. 1991. Ion-specific and general ionic effects on contraction of skinned fast-twitch skeletal muscle from the rabbit. J. Gen. Physiol. 98: 1105-1125.

Thesis

1. Andrews, M.A.W. 1989. The Specific Effects of Ions Upon Structural and Contractile Proteins of Skeletal Muscle.Ph.D. Dissertation.The Medical College of Georgia.

Abstracts

1. Andrews, M.A., T.M. Nosek and R.E. Godt. 1988. Ion-man competition: in search of the best salt for adjusting ionic strength in skinned skeletal muscle experiments. Biophys. J. 53:570a.
2. Andrews, M.A. and R.E. Godt. 1988. Fatigue: lactate is an inhibitor of force generation. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 20(suppl.):S71.
3. Andrews, M.A., K. Cheeks, J.H. Leal-Cardoso, K.Y. Fender, T.M. Nosek and R.E. Godt. 1988. The lack of an effect of lactate on force generation or calcium-sensitivity of the myocardium. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 20:S.20.
4. Andrews, M.A., D.W. Maughan and R.E. Godt. 1989. Warning: certain anions may be hazardous to your skinned rabbit psoas muscle fibers. Biophys. J. 55:266a.
5. Andrews, M.A., M.L. Rosser and R.E. Godt. 1989. Stanozolol does not acutely affect maximal force generation or calcium-sensitivity of skeletal muscle. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 21(suppl.):S17.
6. Andrews, M.A., R.E. Godt and T.M. Nosek. 1990. The inequivalenceof  ionic strength and ionic equivalence: a strong case for controlling ionic strength in skinned muscle fiber bathing solutions. Biophys. J. 57:338a.
7. Fogaça, R.T.H., M.A. Andrews and R.E. Godt. 1990. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) protects skinned skeletal muscle fibers from the deleterious effects of increased ionic strength. Biophys. J. 57:546a.
8. Andrews, M.A., S.L. Eskridge-Sloop, R.E. Godt and T.M. Nosek. 1990. In search of the best salt for adjusting ionic strength of skinned muscle bathing solutions II. Cardiac papillary. Presented at: The 10th International Biophysics Congress, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
9. Fogaça, R.T.H., M.A. Andrews and R.E. Godt. 1990. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) protects skinned lobster skeletal muscle fibers from the deleterious effects of increased ionic strength. Presented at: The 10th International Biophysics Congress, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.
10. Andrews, M.A., D.A. Martyn, R.T.H. Fogaça and R.E. Godt. 1991. Effects of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on cross-bridge properties of skinned muscle fibers. Biophys. J. 59: 45a.
11. Pfitzer, G., S. Satoh, A. Steusloff*, M.A. Andrews, and P.J. Boels. 1991. GTP S increases calcium-sensitivity in skinned smooth muscle of mesenteric resistance arteries and of trachea. PflügersArchiv 418 (suppl. 1):R50.
12. Nosek, T.M., M.A. Andrews, S.L. Sloop, and R.E. Godt. 1992. Salt-specific effects of increasing ionic strength on force of skinned cardiac muscle: amelioration by the protein stabilizer trimethylamine N-oxide. Biophys. J. 62:A18.
13. Andrews, M.A. 1992. Inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP): a new player in the fatigue game. Biophys. J. 62:A296.
14. Andrews, M.A., and S. Satoh. 1992. Skinned guinea-pig microarteries: an appropriate solution. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 24:S.46.
15. Andrews, M.A. 1992. Evidence for an additional mechanism of action of inorganic phosphate (Pi) on force generation of skeletal muscle.The Physiologist 35:206.
16. Andrews, M.A. 1993. The integrity of crossbridges is altered in the presence of  inorganic phosphate. Biophys. J. 64:A361.
17. Tivakaran, V.S.*, M.A. DeRosa*, and M.A. Andrews. 1994. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) betaine and glycine do not alter the calcium-sensitivity of skinned skeletal muscle fibers.Biophys. J. 66:A302.
18. DeRosa*, M.A. and M.A. Andrews. 1994. Betaine increases maximal force, but does not alleviate the effects of inorganic phosphate in skinned cardiac muscle fiber preparations. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 94:760.
19. DeRosa*, M.A. and M.A. Andrews. 1995. The inability of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and betaine to ameliorate the effects of inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) on force generation of cardiac muscle: a possible mechanism for the differential effects of Pi forms in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Biophys. J. 68:A69.
20. Lauder, C.*, Tivakaran, V.S.*, and M.A. Andrews. 1995. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) ameliorates decreased calcium-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus only under specific solute conditions. Biophys. J. 68:A70.
21. Andrews, M.A., R.E. Godt and T.M. Nosek. 1995. The influence of physiological levels of  L(+)-lactate on the contractility of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal and cardiac muscle from rabbit.Biophys. J. 68:A169.
22. DeRosa*, M.A. and M.A. Andrews. 1995. The effects of methylamine compounds on force generation of biochemically impaired cardiac muscle. JAOA 95:545.
23. Lauder*, C. and M.A. Andrews. 1995. The effects of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) on calcium-sensitivity of the contractile apparatus of striated muscle under varied ionic stresses. JAOA 95:545.
24. Lauder*, C. and M.A. Andrews. 1996. The methylamine compound betaine ameliorates the decreased calcium-sensitivity caused by orthophosphate (Pi) in cardiac muscle.Biophys. J. 70:A47.
25. Andrews, M.A. and T.M. Nosek. 1996. L(+)-lactate affects calcium uptake and release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of fast-twitch muscle.Biophys. J. 70:A288.
26. Goltz*, C., and M.A. Andrews. 1996. Non-calcium-dependent force generation of muscle at low ionic strength is due to destabilization of contractile proteins. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 96:523.
27. Andrews, M.A. 1996. Inter-species differences in the effects of L(+)-lactate on contractility of fast-twitch muscle. The Physiologist 39:A58.
28. Andrews, M.A., and C. Goltz*. 1997. Failure in the regulatory mechanism of muscle at low ionic strength is responsible for generation of non-calcium-dependent force generation. Biophys. J. 72:A379.
29. Jadick*, R.H., and M.A. Andrews. 1997. The capacity of increased hydrogen ion concentration (decreased pH) to decrease force generation of skeletal muscle is not due to protein destabilization. Biophys. J. 72:A379.
30. Cohen*, A., M. Wells, and M.A. Andrews. 1997. Increased sensitivity to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), but not to pH, in fast-twitch muscle following denervation. FASEB J. 11:A12.
31. Cohen*, A.J. M.A. Andrews, A.M Petrizzo*, A.G. Madama*, B.H. Hallas, and M.R. Wells. 1997. "Denervation induced sensitivity “ (DIS) of skeletal muscle to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi). J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 97:544
32. Andrews, M.A., A.M. Petrizzo*, and A.J. Cohen*. 1997. An investigation into the consequences of denervation of fast-twitch skeletal muscle. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 97:544
33. Petrizzo*, A.M., and M.A. Andrews. 1997. Osteopathic correlation of “denervation induced sensitivity” of muscle to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi). J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 97:544
34. Andrews, M.A., and R.H. Jadick*. 1997. Decreasing pH to 6.6 alters contractile capacity of skeletal muscle via a protein destabilization effect. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 97:544
35. Andrews, M.A., A.J. Cohen*, R.H. Jadick*, A.M. Petrizzo*, M.R. Wells, C.M. Harris and B.H. Hallas. 1997. Investigation of the time-course of “denervation induced sensitivity” of skeletal muscle to orthophosphate. J. Neurosci. 23:1832.
36. Andrews, M.A., A.M. Petrizzo*, A.J. Cohen*, B.H. Hallas. 1998. Effects of short-term denervation on fast-twitch skeletal muscle sensitivity to inorganic orthophosphate. Biophys. J. 74:A379.
37. A.M. Petrizzo*, A.J. Cohen*, B.H. Hallas, and M.A. Andrews. 1998. Short-term denervation rapidly alters skeletal muscle sensitivity to inorganic orthophosphate. FASEB J. 12:A642.
38. Andrews, M.A. and P. Cruz*. 1998. Physiological levels of pyruvate inhibit maximal calcium-activated force generation of skeletal muscle. FASEB J. 12:A642.
39. Petrizzo*, A.M., D. Olsen*, and M.A.W. Andrews. 1998. A novel mixture of fatty acids increases muscle mass and affects sensitivity of the myofilaments to Ca2+, inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) and lowered pH.J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98:451
40. Petrizzo*, A.M., D. Olsen*, and M.A.W. Andrews. 1998. Nerve compression syndromes increase sensitivity of fast-twitch muscle to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi), not to pH.J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98:452
41. Andrews, M.A.W.,  J.D. Strauss,  A.M. Petrizzo*, B.H. Hallas, and A.J. Cohen*. 1998. Altered trophism may affect contractile protein function. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98:452
42. Strauss, J.D., A.M. Petrizzo*, and M.A.W. Andrews. 1998. Alterations of neural input to rat hindlimb muscle results in atrophy of visceral smooth muscle: a somatovisceral reflex? J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98:452
43. Andrews, M.A.W., P. Cruz*, R. Cedeno*, B. Gutierrez*, and A. Del Valle*. 1998. Physiological levels of pyruvate differentially alter the function of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal and cardiac muscle: Clinical implications. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98:452
44. Andrews, M.A.W. 1998. The 70 kD heat shock protein protects the function of skeletal muscle under conditions of fatigue. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 98:453
45. Andrews, M.A. and A.M. Petrizzo*. 1999. Muscle function is affected by altered innervation. Biophys. J. 76:A159.
46. Andrews, M.A., N. Mauras-Santiago* and R.D. Espinoza*. 1999. Pyruvate differentially alters maximal force and calcium-sensitivity of skeletal and cardiac muscle. FASEB J. 13:A689.
47. Ravnic*, D.J. and M.A.W. Andrews. 1999. 70 Kd heat shock proteins ameliorate the effects of inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) in slow-twitch muscle. FASEB J. 13:A690.
48. Petrizzo*, A.M., D. Olsen*, G. Petrizzo*, T.D. Schmanke, and M.A.W. Andrews. 1999. Repeated intramuscular injections of synthol induce cellular hypertrophy and transient alterations of contractile function at seven and fourteen days. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 99:486.
49. Andrews, M.A.W., D. Olsen*, J.R. Contray*, G. Petrizzo*, B.H. Hallas and A.M. Petrizzo*. 1999. The degree of heightened sensitivity of muscle to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi) is directly related to the absolute force of nerve compression. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.99:486.
50. Andrews, M.A.W., D. Olsen*, J.R. Contray*, G. Petrizzo* and A.M. Petrizzo*. 2000. The degree of functional deficit noted in fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibers is directly related to the absolute force of nerve compression. Biophys. J., 78:A332.
51. Strauss, J.D., S. Kothary, J.R. Contray*, R.A. Murphy, and M.A. Andrews. 2000. Covalently cross-linked cross-bridges are substrates for myosin light chain phosphatase. FASEB J. 14:A322.
52. Hallas, B.H., M.A.W. Andrews, J.R. Contray*, M. Wells, J. Strauss. 2000. Myosin isoform composition as a measure of beneficial effects of manipulative therapy on muscle health in a rat model of arthritis. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.100:585.
53. Andrews, M.A.W., B.H. Hallas, J.R. Contray*, and A.M. Petrizzo. 2000. Initial results of the treatment of nerve compression syndromes with manipulative therapy. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 100:586.
54. Andrews, M.A.W., K.L. Valentine*, K.A. Andryc*, and B.H. Hallas. 2001. Increases in 70 kD heat shock protein (hsp 70) content of skeletal muscle are induced by denervation and aid in force generation. FASEB J. 15 (Experimental Biology 2001 Late-Breaking Abstracts):18.
55. Andrews, M.A.W., K.A. Andryc*, K.L. Valentine*, A.M. Petrizzo and B.H. Hallas.2001  The effects of denervation on 70 kD heat shock protein (HSP 70) content of fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle.J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc.101:460.
56. Andrews, M.A.W., B.H. Hallas, J.R. Contray*, and A.M. Petrizzo. 2001. Initial results of the treatment of fast-twitch muscle with Ginkgo biloba following nerve cut or compression.  J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 101:458.
57. Andrews, M.A.W., K.A. Andryc*, K.L. Valentine*, T. Mertz*, J. Lindner*, and B.H. Hallas. 2002. Treatment of nerve cut or compression injury with oral Ginkgo biloba ameliorates the reduction in force and Ca2+-sensitivity noted in fast-twitch muscle cells. FASEB J. 16:129.
58. Andrews, M.A.W., J. Lindner, T. Mertz, B. Vaske, S. McKenna, A. Snyder, K. Andryc, and B.H. Hallas. 2002. Treadmill exercise training ameliorates the reduced force and Ca2+-sensitivity noted in fast- and slow-twitch muscle cells following sciatic nerve compression.J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 102:512.
59. Andrews, M.A.W., K. A. Andryc*, K.L. Valentine*, A.M. Petrizzo, and A. Cohen. 2003.  The ameliorative effects of  osteopathicmanipulative therapy (OMT) in the treatment of sciatic nerve compression. Presented at the 4th International Conference on Advances in Osteopathic Research, London, UK, April 2003. J. Osteopathic Med. (Australia) 9:122.
60. Andrews, M.A.W..K. A. Andryc*, K.L. Valentine*, and A. Cohen. 2003. Positive results of muscle energy techniques applied to a rat model of nerve compression syndrome. J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 103:459.
61. Andrews, M.A.W. 2004. Development of an independent study curriculum for preclinical education. Presented at the 2nd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, June, 2004, at Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
62. http://www.aacom.org/education/innovation/aspBoardDetail.asp?Id=42
63. Andrews, M.A.W. and L.A.Troup. 2004. An independent study curriculum to promote lifelong learning skills. Presented at the 8th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators, July, 2004, at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana U.S.A.
64. Andrews, M.A.W. 2004. Initial investigation into a possible mechanism of the muscular changes which result from nerve compression and their amelioration via osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT). Presented at the 5th International Conference on Advances in Osteopathic Research, Erie, PA, USA, September 2004. J. Osteopathic Med. (Australia) 10:317.
65. Andrews, M.A.W. 2004. Initial investigation into the effect of nerve compression syndrome on slow-twitch muscle, and treatment with osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT).J. Am. Osteopath. Assoc. 104:344.
66. Andrews, M.A.W.  2005. An independent study curriculum to promote lifelong learning skills. Presented at the 2rdAnnual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, June 2005, Bethesda, MD.
67. Andrews, M.A.W. 2005. Initial Results Indicate that the Independent Study Pathway Promotes Lifelong Learning Skills.Presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators, at theKeck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA
68. Andrews, M.A.W. 2006. An initial investigation into the possible influence of reactive oxygen species in chronic nerve compression injuries and the effects of osteopathic manipulative therapy (OMT). Presented at the 6th International Conference on Advances in Osteopathic Research, London, UK, April 2006. Int. J. Osteopathic Med. (Australia) 9 (1):38.
69. Andrews, M.A.W. 2006. Challenges and opportunities: Development of an independent study module and examinations for general medical physiology. Presented at the 3rdAnnual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
70. Andrews, M.A.W. 2006. Assessment of the Independent Study Pathway at LECOM: academic markers and student feedback. Presented at the 10th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators, San Juan, PR.
71. Andrews, M.A.W. 2007. Self-Assessmentof the Development of Lifelong Learning Skills by MS 2 Students.Presented at the 4thAnnual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, June 2007, Baltimore, MD.
72. T.D. Corso and M.A.W. Andrews. 2007. Production and Use of Voice-over PowerPoint® Files in an Independent Study Biochemistry Module. Presented at the 4th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
73. Andrews, M.A.W. and T.D. Corso. 2007. Student Use and Appreciation of Voice-over PowerPoint® Files in an Independent Study Curriculum.Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators, Cleveland, OH.
74. E. Pat Finnerty, PhD, Luke H. Mortensen, PhD, Mark A. W. Andrews, PhD, Matthew K. Henry, PhD. 2008.How Do the Basic Sciences Fit into the Vision of Medical Education of the Future?5th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine,Bethesda, MD.
75. Andrews, M.A.W. 2008. Advanced Student and Graduate Perceptions of the Abilities Engendered by the Methods of the Independent Study Pathway.5th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine,Bethesda, MD.
76. Andrews, M.A.W. 2009. Preparing the Best Physicians: Student Assessment of Meeting the Goalsof the Independent Study Pathway.Presented at the 6th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Bethesda, MD.
77. Mark A.W. Andrews, Kim Moscatello, Christopher C. Keller. 2010. Assessment of the Retention of Microbiological Content Presented in Laboratory across Two Learning Pathways. AACOM.June 2010, 7th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine,Bethesda, MD.
78. Pat Finnerty, PhD, NAOME, Mark Andrews, PhD. 2010. Basic Sciences in Medical Education:From Flexner to Today. 7th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine,Bethesda, MD.
79. Mark A.W. Andrews, PhD and Christopher Keller, PhD. 2010.Development of a Tool for Initial Assessment and Tracking of Basic Science Knowledge During Preclinical and Clinical Years7th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine,Bethesda, MD.
80. Mark A.W. Andrews, Ph.D., Donald Linville, Ph.D. and Christopher Keller, Ph.D. 2010.Assessment and Tracking of Basic Science Knowledge during Preclinical and Clinical Years.Presented at the 14th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators, New Orleans, LA.
81. Mark A.W. Andrews, Ph.D.,Innovations in Medical Education Award presentation on “Assessing Basic Medical Science Knowledge during Preclinical Years, and Beyond.” Presented at the 9th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Washington, DC.
82. Mark A.W. Andrews, PhD and Christopher Keller, PhD.,2012.Initial Results Using an Assessment Tool to Track Basic Science Knowledge of Medical Students.Presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the International Association of Medical Science Educators, Portland, OR.
83. Mark A.W. Andrews, Ph.D.,2014. Keys to Success: Student Assessment of Development of Lifelong Learning Skills via the Problem-Based Learning Pathway. Presented at the 11th Annual Meeting of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine, Washington, DC.