audrey-mcalinden
Audrey McAlinden, PhD
Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery
  • Musculoskeletal Research Center
    Washington University
    St Louis, Missouri, USA
    Phone: 314-454-8860
    Email: mcalindena@wudosis.wustl.edu

Education

1990-1994 B.Sc Strathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
1994-1998 Ph.D. University of London, Imperial College Medical School

Biography

Dr. McAlinden obtained her Ph.D. from the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology in London (Imperial College School of Medicine, University of London). Here, she gained expertise in cartilage and meniscus biology and focused on studying proteoglycan changes with aging in these tissues. She then trained as a post-doc in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Washington University in St Louis, Missouri, and focused her research on molecular and cellular aspects of cartilage development, including alternative splicing of type II collagen and MSC chondrogenic differentiation. She is now a tenured Associate Professor at Washington University. The long-term goals of her research program are geared toward developing novel approaches to treat articular cartilage degradation (osteoarthritis) and improve endochondral fracture repair whereby healing occurs via formation of a cartilage callus. Current interests include epigenetic control of chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage homeostasis (non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation). In addition to in vitro assays to study stem/progenitor cell differentiation, her lab also uses utilizes mouse models of osteoarthritis and fracture repair in addition to specific transgenic mouse models to study the role of microRNAs and growth factor signaling in skeletal development and post-natal cartilage/bone tissue maintenance and repair/regeneration. Dr. McAlinden has served on numerous grant study sections (NIH, DOD, VA, Arthritis Foundation, OREF) and is currently Associate Editor of Connective Tissue Research journal. She serves on the Membership Committee of the Orthopaedic Research Society (ORS) and will join the ORS Board of Directors this year (2017-2018).

Research Interest

Cartilage biology and pathology, chondrocytes, osteoarthritis, endochondral fracture repair, epigenetics, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, stem/progenitor cell differentiation, transcription, post-transcription, extracellular matrix, collagens, proteoglycans, growth factors.

Scientific Activities:

Professional Appointments and Research Experience

2014 -   

Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery (Primary); Cell Biology & Physiology; Biomedical Engineering at Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

2008 - 2014               

Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery and Assistant Professor of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

2006 - 2014               

Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

2004-2006               

Research Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

2003-2004               

Research Associate, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

1999-2003               

Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.

1998-1999               

Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Biological Sciences, Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

1993      

Summer Laboratory Assistant, Department of Immunology, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.

Honors and Awards

2017-2018               

Board of Directors Member, Chair of Membership Committee, Orthopaedic Research Society (USA)

2015-2018

Membership Committee Board Member, Orthopaedic Research Society (USA)

2009-2012

Council Board Member, American Society for Matrix Biology (ASMB)

2007-2008

Arthritis National Research Foundation Scholar Award

2006                      

Young Investigator Award, OARSI World Congress on Osteoarthritis (Dec 7-10, Prague, Czech Republic)

2006                      

Young Investigator Award, American Society of Matrix Biology (Nov 1-4, Nashville, TN)

1999      

Wellcome Trust (UK) Travel Grant (to attend 45th ORS Conference, Anaheim, CA)

1994-1997

ARC (Arthritis Research Council, UK) Scholarship Grant

1993      

Nuffield Foundation (UK) Scholarship Grant


Publications

  1. Anderson, B.A. and McAlinden, A. miR-483 targets SMAD4 to suppress chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells. Submitted to Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery, October 2016.
  2. Markway, B.D., Cho, H., Zilberman-Rudenko, J., Holden, P., McAlinden, A., Johnstone, B.Hypoxia-inducible factor 3-alpha expression is associated with the stable chondrocyte phenotype.Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery33(11):1561-70,2015.PMID: 26174816
  3. Hering, T.M., Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L., McAlinden, A. Changes in type II procollagen isoform expression during chondrogenesis by disruption of an alternative 5’ splice site within Col2a1 exon Matrix Biology36: 51-63, 2014. PMCID: 4323166
  4. Patra, D., DeLassus, E., McAlinden, A, Sandell, L.J. Characterization of a murine type IIB procollagen-specific antibody. Matrix BiologyFeb; 34: 154-60, 2014. PMCID: 4013248
  5. McAlinden, A., Traeger, G., Hansen, U., Weiss, M.A., Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L., Eyre, DR., Fernandes, RJ. Molecular properties and fibril ultrastructure of types II and XI collagens in cartilage of mice expressing exclusively the 1(IIA) collagen isoform. Matrix BiologyFeb; 34: 105-13, 2014. PMCID: 3979507
  6. McAlinden, A., Varghese, N., Wirthlin, L., Chang, LW.  Differential expression of microRNAs between distinct regions of developing human cartilage.PLoS OneSep 9; 8(9): e75012,2013. PMCID: 3767648
  7. Rai, M.F., Schmidt, E.J., McAlinden, A., Cheverud, J.M., Sandell, L.J.  Molecular Insight into the Association between Cartilage Regeneration and Ear Wound Healing in Genetic Mouse Models: Targeting New Genes in Regeneration. G3: Genes, Genomes, Genetics (Bethesda),Sep 3, 2013. PMCID: 3815053.
  8. McAlinden, A., Shim, K-H., Wirthlin, L., Ravindran, S., Hering TM Quantification of Type II Procollagen Splice Forms Using Alternative Transcript-qPCR (AT-qPCR). Matrix Biology Sep 31(7-8):412-20, 2012. PMCID: 3536491
  9. Bonar, S., Brydges, S.D., Mueller, J.L., McGeough, M.D., Pena, C., Chen, D. Grimston, S.K., Hickman-Brecks, C.L., Ravindran, S., McAlinden, A., Novack, D.V., Kastner, D.L., Civitelli, R., Hoffman, H.M., Mbalaviele, G. Constitutively Activated NLRP3 Inflammasome Causes Inflammation and Abnormal Skeletal Development in Mice PLoS ONE 7(4):e35979, 2012. Epub 2012 Apr 27. PMCID: 3338787
  10. Lewis, R., Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L.,Traeger, G., Fernandes, R.J., McAlinden, A. Disruption of the Developmentally-Regulated Col2a1 Pre-mRNA Alternative Splicing Switch in a Transgenic Knock-in Mouse Model.Matrix Biology. Apr:31(3):214-26,2012. PMCID: 3295890
  11. Ravindran, S., Roam, J., Hering, TM., Elbert, DL., McAlinden, A. Changes of Chondrocyte Expression Profiles in Human MSC Aggregates in the Presence of PEG microspheres and TGF-3. Biomaterials. Nov;32(33):8436-45, 2011.  PMCID: 3176960
  12. Ravindran, S., Boyer, MI., Martens, E., Ntouvali, H., McAlinden, A. Assessment of Epiphyseal Plate Allograft Viability and Function Following Ex Vivo Storage in University of Wisconsin Solution. Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics Oct-Nov; 31(7):803-810, 2011. PMID: 21926881
  13. Das, R., Rich, JT., Weichi, C., Kim, H.M., McAlinden A and Thomopoulos, S. Effect of paralysis on myogenesis, adipogenesis and muscle force generation in developing supraspinatus muscle Journal of Orthopaedic  Research. 29(2):281-8,2011. PMCID: 3608102.
  14. Rich, JT., Rosova, I., Nolta, JA.,Myckatyn, TM., Sandell, LJ and McAlinden, A. Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Upregulation of Runx2 and Osterix During TGF-β3 induced in vitroChondrogenesis of Human Adipose-derived Stromal Cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 372(1): 230-235, 2008.PMCID: 2548292
  15. Imamura, T., Imamura, C., McAlinden. A., Davies, SR., Iwamoto, Y., and Sandell, LJ.Inactivation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Responsive CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein Repressor Site is Permissive for Increased Cartilage Gene Transcription.Arthritis & Rheumatology, 58 (5): 1366-1376,2008. PMID: 18438857
  16. McAlinden, A., Johnstone B., Kollar, J., Yoo, J., Kazmi, N., and Hering, TM. Expression of two novel alternatively spliced COL2A1 isoforms during chondrocyte differentiation. Matrix Biology 27(3): 254-66, 2008.PMCID: 2364638
  17. McAlinden, A,Majava, M., Bishop, PN.,Perveen, R., Black, G., Pierpont, M., Ala-Kokko, L. and Mannikko, M. “Missense and Nonsense Mutations in the Alternatively-Spliced Exon 2 of COL2A1 Cause the Ocular Variant of Stickler Syndrome Human Mutation,29 (1): 83-90, 2008.PMID: 17721977
  18. Aigner, T., Soder, S., Gebhard, PM., McAlinden, A. and Haag, J. Role of Chondrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis – Structure, Chaos and Senescence. Nature Clinical Practical Rheumatology, Jul; 3(7) 391-9, 2007.PMCID: 17599073
  19. McAlinden, A., Liang, L., Mukudai, Y., Imamura, T., and Sandell, LJ. Nuclear Protein TIA-1 Regulates Alternative Splicing of COL2A1 by Interaction with Genomic DNA and Precursor mRNA. Journal of Biological Chemistry,282(33):24444-54, 2007.PMID: 17580305
  20. McAlinden, A., Havlioglu, N., Liang, L., Davies, S. and Sandell L.J. Alternative Splicing of Type II Procollagen Exon 2 is Regulated by the Combination of a Weak 5’ Splice Site and an Adjacent Intronic Stem-Loop Cis Element. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 280: 32700-32711, 2005.PMID: 16076844
  21. McAlinden, A., Haag, J., Bau, B., Gebhard P.M., and Aigner, T. Quantification of mRNA Expression Levels in Articular Chondrocytes with PCR Technologies.  Methods Molecular Medicine. 100: 79-100, 2004.  PMID: 15280589
  22. McAlinden, A., Smith, T.A., Sandell. L.J., Parry, D.A.D. &  Hulmes, D.J.S.  Alpha-helical Coiled-coil Oligomerization Domains are Almost Ubiquitous in the Collagen Superfamily.  Journal of Biological Chemistry278(43): 42200-42207, 2003.PMID: 12920133
  23. McAlinden, A., Zhu, Y., & Sandell, L.J.  Expression of Type II Procollagen During Development of the Human Intervertebral Disc. Biochemical Society Transactions30(6):831-838, 2002.PMID: 12440928
  24. Sandell, L.J., McAlinden, A.,& Sandell, K.S. The vWFC Domain of Type IIA Procollagen Amino-propeptide Functions as an Antagonist of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.  Journal of Musculoskeletal and Neuronal Interactions2(3): 521-523, 2002.PMID: 15758381
  25. Fukui, N., McAlinden, A., Zhu, Crouch, E.C., Broekelmann, T.J., Mecham, R.P. & Sandell, L.J.  Processing of Type II Procollagen Amino Propeptide By Matrix Metalloproteinases.  Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(3): 2193-2201, 2002.PMID: 11705992
  26. McAlinden, A., Crouch, E.C., Bann, J. G., Zhang, P. & Sandell, L.J.  Trimerization of the Amino Propeptide of Type IIA Procollagen Using a 14-Amino Acid Sequence Derived from the Coiled-coil Neck Domain of Surfactant Protein D.  Journal of Biological Chemistry277(43): 41274-41281, 2002.  PMID: 12194968
  27. Zhang, P., McAlinden, A., Schumacher, T., Wang, H., Hu, S., Sandell, L.J. & Crouch, E.C.  The Amino-terminal Heptad Repeats of the Coiled-coil Neck Domain of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein D are Necessary for the Assembly of Trimeric Subunits and Dodecamers.  Journal of Biological Chemistry 27(23): 19862-19870, 2001.  PMID: 11279100
  28. Zhu, Y., McAlinden, A.& Sandell, L.J.  Type IIA Procollagen in Development of the Human Intervertebral Disc: Regulated Expression of the NH2-Propeptide by Enzymic Processing Reveals A Unique Developmental Pathway.  Developmental Dynamics220(4): 350-362, 2001.PMID: 11307168
  29. McAlinden, A.,Dudhia, J., Lorenzo, P., Bolton, M.C., Heinegard, D., &Bayliss M.T.   Age-related Changes in the Expression and Synthesis of Decorin and Aggrecan in Human Meniscus and Articular Cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 9(1): 33-41, 2001.PMID: 11178945
  30. Schins, R.P.F., McAlinden, A., MacNee, W., Jimenez, L.A,. Ross, J.A., Guy, K., Faux, S & Donaldson, K. Persistent Depletion of I Kappa B alpha (IkBa) and Interleukin-8 Expression in Human Pulmonary Epithelial Cells Exposed to Quartz. Toxicology and. Applied Pharmacology167(2): 107-117. 2000.PMID: 10964761
Reviews, Book Chapters, Articles
  1. McAlinden, A. Recent Advances in Epigenetic Regulation of Skeletal Development, Homeostasis and Disease. Connective Tissue ResearchJan; 58(1):1, 2017. PMID 27813659.
  2. Huynh, N., Anderson, B., Guilak, F., McAlinden, A. Emerging Roles for Long Non-Coding RNAs in Skeletal Biology and Disease. Connective Tissue ResearchJan; 58(1):116-141, 2017. PMID: 27254479.
  3. Shen, J., Abu-Amer, Y., O’Keefe, R.J., McAlinden, A.   Inflammation and Epigenetic Regulation in Osteoarthritis.Connective Tissue ResearchJan; 58(1):49-63, 2017. PMID: 27389927.
  4. McAlinden, A. Alternative Splicing of Type II Procollagen: IIB or not IIB.Connective Tissue Research, Jun; 55(3): 165-76. 2014. PMCID: 4317353
  5. McAlinden, A., Havlioglu, N. & Sandell, L.J.Regulation of Protein Diversity by Alternative Pre-mRNA Splicing with Specific Focus on Chondrogenesis.  Birth Defects Research Part C Embryo Today.  72: 52-68, 2004. PMID: 15054904
  6. McAlinden, A., Fukui, N., & Sandell, L.J.  Type II Procollagen NH2-Propeptide Functions as an Antagonist of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins.  The Many Faces of Osteoarthritis, Hascall V. &Kuettner, K. (eds.).  Birkhauser Press, Basel Switzerland, pp 5-15, 2002.
  7. McAlinden, A. Article feature: “Day in the Life of a Postdoc Abroad” for The Biochemist Magazine (UK), 24 (4) pp13-14, 2002.
Peer Reviewed Abstracts
  1. Huynh, N., Brunger, J., Anderson, B., McAlinden, A., Guilak, F. RNA-Seq reveals a crucial long non-coding RNA as a regulator of chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells. Orthopaedic Research Society, Orlando, Florida. March 5-8, 2016. (PODIUM)
  2. Wu, JJ.,McAlinden, A., Eyre, D., Fernandes, RJ. Localization of Type IIA collagen in annulus fibrosis of mature bovine intervertebral disc. Orthopaedic Research Society, Orlando, Florida. March 5-8, 2016.
  3. Anderson, B., McAlinden, A. Regulation of chondrocyte differentiation by miR-483. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Seattle, WA. October 9-12, 2015.
  4. Wirthlin, L., McAlinden, A. Differentially-expressed microRNAs in developing human cartilage: potential functions in regulating chondrocyte differentiation. Orthopaedic Research Society Conference, New Orleans, LA. Mar 15-18, 2014. PODIUM(Louisa Wirthlin, presenter).
  5. Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L., Hansen, U., Fernandes, R., Silva, M. and McAlinden, A., Persistent expression of Col2a1 embryonic isoforms disrupts cartilage matrix assembly and alters bone properties. Osteoarthritis International (OARSI) Conference, Philadelphia, PA. 18-21 April, 2013.
  6. Wirthlin, L., Varghese, N., Ravindran, S., Chang, LW, McAlinden, A.Differentially-expressed microRNAs in chondrocytes from distinct regions of developing human cartilage tissue. British Society for Matrix Biology, Oxford, UK. March 25-26, 2013. (PODIUM)
  7. Fernandes, R.J., Traeger, G; Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L, McAlinden, A. Collagen cross-linking and heteropolymer formation in mouse cartilage exclusively expressing the type IIA collagen isoform. Orthopaedic Research Society Conference, San Antonio, TX. Jan 26-30, 2013.(PODIUM)
  8. McAlinden, A., Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L., Traeger, G., Hansen, U., Fernandes, R.J. Disruption of Col2a1 pre-mRNA alternative splicing affects matrix assembly and post-natal bone development. Orthopaedic Research Society Conference, San Antonio, TX. Jan 26-30, 2013. (PODIUM)
  9. Ravindran, S., Wirthlin, L., Lewis, R., Patel, T., Hansen, U., Traeger, G., Fernandes, R., Silva, M., McAlinden, A. Disruption of Col2a1 pre-mRNA alternative splicing affects matrix assembly and post-natal bone development. American Society for Matrix Biology, San Diego, CA.  Nov 11-14, 2012.
  10. Lewis, R., Ravindran, S., Traeger, G., Fernandes, R., McAlinden, A. Generation of a Transgenic Knock-in Mouse Model Expressing only the IIA Isoform of Type IIProcollagen”World Congress on Osteoarthritis,San Diego, CA.September 15-18, 2011 (PODIUM).
  11. Lewis, R., Ravindran, S., Traeger, G., Fernandes, R., McAlinden, A. Disruption of the Type II Procollagen Alternative Splicing Switch in a Transgenic Knock-in Mouse Model. Collagen Gordon Research Conference, New London, New Hampshire July 17-22, 2011.
  12. Hering, T.M.,McAlinden, A. Alternative Col2a1 Transcript IIA, IIB, IIC and IID Abundance during Chondrogenesis of ATDC-5 Cells.  Orthopaedic Research Society, Long Beach, CA. Jan 13-16, 2011.
  13. Ravindran, S., Martens, E., Ntouvali, E., Boyer, MI., McAlinden, A. Microvascular Transplantation of Epiphyseal Plate Allografts Following ex vivo Storage in University of Wisconsin Preservation Solution. Orthopaedic Research Society, Long Beach, CA. Jan 13-16, 2011.
  14. Ravindran, S., Roam, J., Hering, TM., Elbert D. and McAlinden, A. TGF-β3 Induction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Presence of Poly(ethylene glycol) Microspheres. Orthopaedic Research Society, Long Beach, CA. Jan 13-16, 2011.
  15. Ravindran, S., Roam, J., Hering, TM., Elbert D. and McAlinden, A. TGF-β3 Induction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Presence of Poly(ethylene glycol) Microspheres. American Society for Matrix Biology, Charleston, SC.  Oct 24-27, 2010.
  16. Hering, T.M., McAlinden, A. Expression of the Type IID Alternative Transcript during ATDC-5 Cell Chondrogenesis in vitro. Osteoarthritis International (OARSI) Conference, Brussels, Belgium. Sept 23-26 2010.
  17. McAlinden, A., Choi, SW., Xie, J., Dy, Y., Ravindran, S., DeLassus, E.,Gotimer, A., Xia, Y. Three-Dimensional Inverse Opal Scaffolds for Culture and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. ECM X- European Cells and Materials Conferences: Stem Cells for Musculoskeletal Regeneration,Davos, Switzerland. June 29-July 2, 2009.
  18. Rich, JT., Bryan, J. and McAlinden, A. TGF-β induction of BMSC induces bone formation in vivo. American Society for Matrix Biology Conference, San Diego, CA. December 7-10, 2008.
  19. Edwin, D., Liang, L., Iwamoto, M and McAlinden, A. Articular cartilage gene expression during MSC differentiation. American Society for Matrix Biology Conference, San Diego, CA. December 7-10, 2008.
  20. Martens, E., Wilczynski, M., Carlisle, J., McAlinden, A. and Boyer, MI. Does the duration of cold ischaemiafollowing tissue harvest affect cellular viability of epiphyseal plates? 63rd Annual Meeting of American Society for Surgery of the Hand, Chicago. September 18-21, 2008.
  21. Rich, JT., McAlinden, A., Das, R., Kim, HM and Thomopoulos, S.Expression of adipogenic and myogenic genes during chemodenervation of developing mouse supraspinatus muscles. 54th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society Conference, San Francisco, CA.  March 2-5, 2008.
  22. Rich, JT., McAlinden, A. and Sandell, LJ. FGF-2 and transcription factor expression in adipose stem cells.American Society for Matrix Biology, Nashville TN. November 1-4, 2006.
  23. McAlinden, A., Liang, L., Mukudai, Y., Imamura, T., Sandell, LJ. Novel Functions of the TIA-1 Arthritis Suppressor Protein in Regulating Type II Procollagen Expression. OARSI Conference, Prague, Czech Republic Dec 7-10, 2006. (PODIUM)
  24. McAlinden, A., Liang, L., Mukudai, Y., Imamura T and Sandell, LJ. Nuclear protein TIA-1 regulates alternative splicing of COL2A1. American Society for Matrix Biology, Nashville TN. November 1-4, 2006. (PODIUM)
  25. McAlinden, A., Liang, L., Havlioglu, N. and Sandell, LJ. The Arthritis Suppressor Gene, TIA-1, Regulates Alternative Splicing of Type II Procollagen.52nd Annual Orthopaedic Research Society Conference, Chicago. March 19-22, 2006.  
  26. McAlinden, A., Havlioglu, N., Liang, L., Davies, S. and Sandell, LJ.  Post-transcriptional Control of Type II Procollagen Splice Forms Gordon Conference on Cartilage Biology and Pathology, IlCiocco, Italy.  June 7, 2005.(PODIUM)
  27. McAlinden, A., Havlioglu, N., Liang, L. and Sandell, LJ. Alternative Splicing of COL2A1 Exon 2 during Chondrogensis: Role of Regulatory Intronic Cis Elements at the 5’ Splice Site. Gordon Conference on the Biology of Post-transcriptional Gene Regulation, NH, August 8-13, 2004.
  28. McAlinden A., Wu, J.Y. & Sandell L.J.  Differential Regulation of Type IIA Procollagen Exon 2 Inclusion by Nuclear RNA Splicing Factors”.  Cartilage Cell Biology Session, 50th Annual Orthopaedic Research Society Meeting, San Francisco CA. March 7, 2004.  (PODIUM)
  29. McAlinden A., Wu, J.Y. & Sandell, L.J.  Alternative Splicing Patterns of a Type IIA Procollagen Mini-gene in Progenitor and Differentiated Cartilage Cells. IVth Eukaryotic mRNA Processing Meeting, Cold Spring Harbor, NY,Aug 2003.
  30. McAlinden A., Wu, J.Y. & Sandell L.J.  Differential Regulation ofType IIA Procollagen Exon 2 Inclusion by Nuclear RNA Splicing Factors.  Gordon Conference on Collagen, New London, NH, July 2003.
  31. McAlinden, A., Hulmes, D., Sandell L.J., Functional Domains in Type IIA Procollagen NH2- and COOH-propeptides.  Gordon Conference on Cartilage Biology and Pathology, Ventura, CA, 2003.
  32. McAlinden, A., Crouch, E.C., Bann, J.G., & Sandell, L.J.  Trimerization of a Functional Amino Propeptide of Type IIA Procollagen Using a 14 Amino Acid Sequence derived from the Coiled-coil Domain of Surfactant Protein D.  Collagen Assembly Workshop of XVIII Federation of the European Connective Tissue Society, Brighton, UK.July 27, 2002. (PODIUM).
  33. McAlinden, A., Zhu, Y., & Sandell, L.J.  Collagen Gene Expression in Intervertebral Disc Development.  Biochemical  Society Meeting, Cardiff University, UK, 2002.
  34. McAlinden, A., Zhang, P., Crouch, E.C., & Sandell, L.J.  Production and Analysis of Human Type IIA Procollagen NH2-Propeptide as a Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) Fusion Protein. Orthopaedic Research Society, San Francisco, CA. Feb 25-28, 2001.
  35. McAlinden, A., Zhang, P., Crouch, E.C., & Sandell, L.J.  Production and Analysis of Human Type IIA Procollagen NH2-Propeptide as a Surfactant Protein D (SP-D) Fusion Protein.  Biology and Pathology of the Extracellular Matrix, St. Louis, MO. Spring  2000.
  36. McAlinden, A.,Dudhia, J., Lorenzo, P., &Bayliss M.T. Age and Disease Related Changes in the Gene Expression and Post-translational Modification of Proteoglycan Structure in Human Meniscus and Articular Cartilage. Orthopaedic Research Society, Anaheim, CA. Feb 1-4, 1999.
  37. McAlinden, A., Lorenzo, P., Bolton, M.C., Dudhia, J., &Bayliss M.T. Age-related Changes in Proteoglycan Structure and Biosynthesis in the Human Meniscus. Orthopaedic Research Society, New Orleans, LA. Mar 16-19, 1998.
  38. McAlinden, A., Lorenzo, P., Bolton, M.C., Dudhia, J., &Bayliss M.T.  Comparison of Proteoglycan Structure and Biosynthesis in Aging Human Meniscus and Articular Cartilage.British Connective Tissue Society, York, UK, 1997.
  39. McAlinden, A., Bayliss M.T., Lorenzo, P., & Heinegard, D.  The Human Meniscus: Studies of Matrix Protein Synthesis and Composition. Federation European Connective Tissue SocietyMunich, Germany, 1996.
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