Malek G. Massad
MALEK G MASSAD, MD, FACS, FCCP
Professor of Surgery

The University of Illinois
USA

Education

1975-1978 B.S. in Biology – Chemistry American University of Beirut  
1978-1983 Doctor of Medicine American University of Beirut School of Medicine

 

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
1982-1987  Intern, Resident and Chief  Resident in General Surgery American University of Beirut Hospital
1987-1988 Research Fellow Cardiovascular  Neurobiology & Neurogenic Hypertension
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
1988-1990 Research Fellow Cardiothoracic Surgery
Thoracic organ Transplantation 
Northwestern University; Chicago, Illinois
1990-1993 Resident and Chief Resident in  General Surgery University of Illinois at Chicago Hospitals
1993-1995  Resident and Chief Resident in  Cardiothoracic Surgery Case Western Reserve University Hospitals
1995-1996 Clinical Fellow, Cardiopulmonary Transplantation &
Mechanical Circulatory Assist Devices		 Cleveland Clinic Foundation

 

Biography

My name is  Malek G. Massad. I am the Sara Smart Mansueto Professor of Surgery and Chief of the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery at the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago.  After graduating from the American University of Beirut School of Medicine in 1983, I completed my general surgery residency training at the University of Illinois followed by a cardiothoracic surgery residency at Case Western Reserve University Hospitals in Cleveland, Ohio. I undertook  research fellowships  in thoracic organ transplantation at Northwestern University and in cardiovascular neurobiology at the Cleveland Clinic Research Institute. These were followed by a clinical fellowship in heart and lung transplantation and artificial circulatory support at the Cleveland Clinic. I joined the Faculty of the Department of Surgery at the University in Illinois in 1996 and was promoted to the rank of professor with tenure in 2006. I was named one of America's top heart surgeons by the Consumers Research Council of America. I am also listed in Castle Connolly's Guide to America's top doctors (for 10 years in a row) and in Chicago Magazine’s list of best doctors in thoracic surgery. I am a diplomat of the American Board of Surgery and The American Board of Thoracic Surgery.

 

Research Interest

  • Heart And Lung Preservation
  • Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
  • Coronary And Structural Valvular Heart Diseases And Their Surgical Management
  • Lung Cancer And Its Early Detection

Professional Activities:

 

2006-Present

Sara Smart Mansueto Professor of Surgery University of Illinois Health Sciences System                                                                                                     
Chicago, IL
Chief, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery
2007-Present Chief, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago, IL
2001-2005 Associate Professor of Surgery  College of Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
1996-2000 Assistant Professor of Surgery College of Medicine
University of Illinois at Chicago
1996-Present Attending Surgeon
Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery
Cardiopulmonary Transplantation		 University of Illinois at Chicago
1998-2003 Director, Heart Transplant Program University of Illinois at Chicago
1998-2004 Director, Lung Transplant Program University of Illinois at Chicago
1996-Present            Director, Mechanical Circulatory Support Program University of Illinois at Chicago
2011-Present Lecturer, Department of Surgery Rosalind Franklin University/Chicago Medical School

 

Publications

  1. Nassar CF, Massad M, Habbal Z: Effect of prostaglandin E1 on bile flow in the rat. Digestion 1984;29(4):235-8.
  2. Trabulsi E, Shammas I, Massad M, Frangieh G, Slim M: Ophthalmologic aspects of metastatic neuroblastoma: report on 22 consecutive cases. Orbit 1984;3(4):247-54
  3. Massad M, Haddad F, Slim M, Mansour A, Saba M, Nassar S, Abla A: Spinal cord compression in neuroblastoma. Surg Neurol 1985;23(6):567-72.
  4. Massad M, Slim M, Mansour A, Firzli S, Dabbous I, Issa P: Neuroblastoma; report on a 21 year experience. J Ped Surg 1986;21(5):388-91
  5. Massad M, Srouji M, Awdeh A, Slim M, Tamer M, Tabbara M: Neonatal appendicitis: Case report and a revised review of the English literature.  Kinderchirurgie 1986;41(4):241-43.
  6. Abbas J, Massad M, Mufarrij A, Saksouk F, Kulaylat M: Gastric leiomyosarcoma: a clinicopathologic study. Int Surg 1986;71(3):176-81
  7. Abu Jamra F, Massad M, Musharafieh R: Reconstruction of shoulder and arm defects using  the latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap. Scand J Plast Surg 1986;20(3):307-11.
  8. Abdo F, Massad M, Slim M, Fahl M, Saba M, Najjar F, Abi Saad G: Wandering intravascular missiles: report of five cases from the Lebanon war. Surgery 1988;103(3):376-80.Massad M, Sankari M, Najjar F, Nassourah Z: Spontaneous splenic rupture in an adult with mumps: a case report. Surgery 1988;103(3):381-82.
  9. Massad M, Fahl M, Dagher I, Haddad R, Najjar F: thrombosed Bjork-Shiley       standard mitral valve prosthesis. J Cardiovasc Surg 1989;30(6):976-80. 
  10. Massad M, Fahl M, Dagher I, Haddad R, Najjar F: thrombosed Bjork-Shiley       standard mitral valve prosthesis. J Cardiovasc Surg 1989;30(6):976-80.
  11. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Kamp D, Matano J, Greene R, Khasho F, deTarnowsky J: Colloid versus crystalloid lung preservation: effect on leukocyte sequestration. Surg Forum 1989;40:370-72.
  12. Massad M, Slim M: Intravascular missile embolization in childhood: report of a case, literature review and recommendations for management. J Ped Surg 1990;25(12):1292-94.
  13. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Gandy K, Sanders JH, Hartz RS, Frederiksen JW, Michaelis LL: Aggressive blood conservation in coronary artery surgery: impact on patient care. J Cardiovasc Surg 1990;31(5):559-63.
  14. Massad M, Obeid S, Uthman S, Najjar F: Ataxia telangectasia and stomach cancer.  Am J Gastroenterol 1990;85(5):630.
  15. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Matano M, Khasho F, Greene R: Aerodynamic evaluation of crystalloid and colloid flush perfusion for lung preservation. J Surg Res 1990; 49(6):469-75.
  16. Kanady K, Hartz R, Massad M, Melen O, Russel E, Feingold R: Spontaneous isolated innominate artery dissection. Neurology 1990;40(8):1315-17.
  17. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Matano J, Greene R, Khasho F, deTarnowsky J: Sensitivity of aerodynamic changes for assessing pulmonary injury in the isolated  perfused working lung (IPWL) model. Transplant Proc 1990;22(2):559-60.
  18. Massad M, LoCicero III J, Matano J, Greene R, Khasho F, deTarnowsky J: Pulmonary flush preservation decreases polymorphonuclear cell sequestration in the isolated perfused working lung (IPWL) model. Transplant Proc 1990;22(2):553-54.
  19. Uthman S, Massad M, Saksouk F, Haddad R, Shalhoub N: Acute pancreatitis following cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The Lebanese Medical Journal 1991; 39(2): 76-80.
  20. Massad M, LoCicero III J, Matano J, Gilbert J, Greene R, Hartz R: Endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy: evaluation of pulsatile laser, non-pulsatile laser and radio-frequency thermocoagulation. Lasers Surg Med 1991;11(1):18-25
  21. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Matano J, Khasho F: Effects of desmopressin acetate on hemorrhage without identifiable cause in coronary bypass patients. Am  Surg 1991; 57(3):165-68.
  22. LoCicero III J, Massad M: Any value for desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) in cardiopulmonary bypass operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99(5):945.
  23. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Matano J, Greene R, Dunn M, Michaelis L: Contribution of the bronchial circulation to lung preservation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1991;101(5):807-14
  24. Georgi B, Massad M, Obeid M, Najjar F: Ballistic trauma to the abdomen: shell fragment versus bullet. J Trauma 1991;31(5):711-15 and discussion 715-16.
  25. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Oba J, Greene R, deTarnowsky J: Extended lung preservation by bronchial artery perfusion with university of Wisconsin solution. Transplant Proc 1991;23(1):670-71.
  26. LoCicero III J, Massad M, Oba J, Matano J, Greene R: Short and long term results of wrapping techniques for bronchial anastomosis. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1992;103(4):763-66.
  27. LoCicero III J, McCann B, Massad M, Joob AW: Prolonged ventilatory support after open heart surgery. Crit Care Med 1992;20(7):990-92.
  28. Nagy KK, Massad M, Fildes J, Reyes H: Missile embolization revisited: a rationale for selective management. Am Surg 1993; 60(12):975-79.
  29. Massad, M, Smedira NG, Hobbs R, Hurscher K, Vandervoot P, McCarthy PM: Bench repair of donor mitral valve before  heart transplantation. Ann. Thorac. Surg, 1996;61:1833-35.
  30. Smedira N, Massad M, Navia J, Vargo R, Patel AN, Cook DJ, McCarthy PM: Pulmonary hypertension is not a risk factor for RVAD use and death on LVAD support. ASAIO  J. 1996; 42:M 733-35.
  31. Smedira N, Dasse K, Patel AN, Vargo R, Massad M, McCarthy PM: Age related outcome after implantable left ventricular assist system support. ASAIO J 1996; 42:M 570-73.
  32. Massad M, McCarthy PM, Navia  J, Smedira NG, Ratliff  N, Cook DJ, Goormastic M, Young  JB, Stewart RW: Does successful  bridging with the implantable left ventricular assist device affect cardiac transplantation outcome?  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1996; 112(5): 1275-83.
  33. Massad, M, Cook DJ, Schmitt S, Vargo R, Gurley M, McCarthy PM: Factors influencing HLA sensitization in patients on LVAD support. Ann. Thorac Surg 1997; 64(4): 1120-5.
  34. Benedetti E, Massad MG, Kisthard J: Aortic root cannulation in organ donors with infra-renal aortic pathology.J Am Coll Surg  1997; 185(5): 488-489.
  35. Podbielski FJ, Wiesman IM, Waghami B, Owens CA, Benedetti E, Massad M: Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm following tube thoracostomy. Ann Thorac Surg, 1997; 64(5):1478-80.
  36. Massad M, McCarthy PM: Will the future be for permanent LVADs or for heart transplantation. Proceedings of the fifth International Symposium on Mechanical Circulatory Assist, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1997, April; 11 Suppl: S11-7.
  37. Piano G, Massad M, Amory DW, Chaer R, Eton D, Jecius A, Benedetti E, Schuler JJ: Omental transfer for salvage of the moribund lower extremity.  Am Surg  1998; 64(5): 424-427.
  38. McCarthy JF, McCarthy PM, Massad M, Cook DJ, et al: Risk factors for death after a heart transplant: Does single center experience correlate with multi-center registries.   Ann Thorac Surg 1998;65(5):1574-8; and Discussion 1578-9.
  39. M, Benedetti E, Pollak R, Chami Y, Allen BS, DeCastro MA, Wiley T, Layden TJ: Combined coronary bypass and orthotopic liver transplantation: Technical considerations.  Ann Thorac Surg 1998; 65 (4): 1130-2.
  40. McCarthy J, Cook DJ, Massad M,  Sano Y, O’Malley KJ, Ratliff  NR, Helvind M, Stewart RW, Smedira NG, Goormastic M, Young JB, McCarthy PM: Vascular rejection post heart transplantation is associated with positive flow  cytometric cross-match.  Eur J Cardiothoracic Surg. 1998; 14(2): 197-200.
  41. Podbielski FJ, Chaer R, O’Leary P, Chami Y, Massad M: What makes a coronary myocardial bridge symptomatic?  Minerva Cardioangiol 1998; 46(4): 127-30.
  42. Benedetti E, Sekosan M, Blanchard J, Massad MG: Rejection pattern of cardiac and skeletal muscle allografts: implications for surveillance of cardiac rejection.Transplant. Proc.  1998; 30(5): 1929.
  43. Dunn T, Asolati M, Holman D, Raofi V, Lutrin F, Massad MG, Pollak R, Benedetti E: Long term outcome of kidney transplantation after steroid withdrawal. Transplant Proc. 1998; 30(5): 1788-9.
  44. Blanchard J, Massad M, Sekosan M, Lutrin F, Benedetti E: A new rat model to study the correlation of cardiac and skeletal muscle allograft rejection. Microsurgery 1998; 18: 406-409.
  45. Benedetti E, Dunn T, Massad M, Raofi V, Bartholomew A, Gruessner RW, Brecklin C: Successful living related simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant between identical twins. Transplantation 1999; 67: 915-934.
  46. Benedetti E, Massad M, Chami Y, Wiley T, Layden: Is the presence of surgically treatable coronary artery disease a contraindication to liver transplantation. Clin. Transplant. 1999; 13(1 pt 1): 59-61.
  47. Mehta V, Massad MG, Tripathy S, Koshy M, Geha AS: Immune-deficient bronchiectasis associated with x-linked lymphoproliferative disease. Ann Thorac Surg 1999; 68(2): 578-580.
  48. McCarthy JF, Cook DJ, Smedira NG, O’Malley KJ, Massad M, Sano Y, Young JB, Starling RC, Ratliff NB, McCarthy PM: Vascular rejection in cardiac transplantation.  Transplant. Proc. 1999; 31(1-2): 160.
  49. Raofi V, Lutrin F, Westin RN, Mork GA, Murray JP, Hurley FB, Cicalese L, Massad MG, Benedetti E: Total blood volume substitution with UW solution using cardiopulmoanry bypass for kidneys procured from non-heart-beating donors. Surg Forum 1999; Vol. L: 389-391.
  50. Sekosan M, Massad M, Blanchard J, Benedetti E:  Rejection pattern of cardiac and skeletal muscle grafts in a rat model.  I. Journal of Surgical Investigation 1999; 1(3):237-43.
  51. Tripathy S, Massad M, Mehta M, Benedetti E, Geha AS: Pneumothorax necessitans presenting as a presternal pneumothoracocele. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69(1): 266-7.
  52. Geha AS, Massad M, Snow N, Baue A: A 32 year experience in 100 patients with giant paraesophageal hernia: The case for abdominal approach and selective anti-reflux repair. Surgery 2000; 128(4): 623-630.
  53. Massad M, Benedetti E, Resnick D, Abcarian H, Geha AS: Dysphagia caused by a fetus-in-feto in a 27 year old man. Ann Thorac Surg  2001 71: 1338-1341
  54. Massad M, Donahue PE, Halline AG, Snow N, Geha S: Paraplegia after esophagectomy: a case report and review of the literature.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001; 121: 386-88.
  55. Massad MG, Geha AS, Charbel F, Ausman J: Closed chest hypothermic circulatory arrest for approach of complex cerebral aneurysms. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71: 1900-4.
  56. Benedetti E, Baum C, Raofi V, Brown M, Rastellini C, Massad MG, Abcarian H, Cicalese L: Living-related small bowel transplantation: progressive functional adaptation of the graft.  Transplant Proc 2000; 32(6): 1209.
  57. Massad MG, Stewart RW: A technique for commissural alignment of the arterial trunks during orthotopic heart transplantation. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 70: 1743 - 45.
  58. Massad MG, Sirois C, Tripathy S, Jaffe HA, Snow N, Geha AS: Pulmonary venous drainage into the left atrial appendage facilitates transplantation of the left lung with difficult exposure. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 71: 1046-47.
  59. Massad MG: Influenza pneumonia in thoracic organ transplant recipients: Who should get the flu vaccine?.  Chest 2001, 119(4): 997-999.
  60. Geha AS, Massad M, Snow NJ: Replacement of degenerated mitral and aortic bioprostheses without explantation: a nine-year experience. Ann Thorac Surg 2001; 72:1509-1514.
  61. Chaer R, Massad M, Olopade C, Varga J: Systemic Sclerosis complicated by diffuse alveolar hemorrhage.  Med. Sci Monitor 2001; 7(5): 1013-5.
  62. Benedetti E, Baum C, Cicalese L, Brown M, Raofi V, Massad MG, Abcarian H: Progressive functional adaptation of segmental bowel graft from living related donor.  Transplantation 2001 Feb 27;71(4):569-71.
  63. Sun JP, Asher CR, Yang XS, Cheng GG, Scalia GM, Massad MG, Griffin BP, Ratliff NB, Stewart WJ, Thomas JD: Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of papillary fibroelastomas: A retrospective and prospective study in 162 patients. Circulation 2001: 103: 2687-93.
  64. Massad MG, Khoury F, Evans C, Thomas Y, Snow NJ, Briller J, Geha AS: Late presentation of an unusual case of retained intracardiac ice-pick with papillary muscle injury. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 73: 1623-6.
  65. Massad, MG:   IN MEMORIAM: Christiaan Neethling Barnard (1922-2001).  J. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002: 123 (1):1 -2
  66. Jackman HL, Massad MG, Sekosan M, Tan F, Tan F, Brovkovych V, Marcic BM, Erdos EG:  Angiotensin 1-9 and 1-7 Release in human heart: Role of cathepsin A.  J.Hypertension 2002; 39 (5): 976-81.
  67. Evans AN, Massad MG, Ghandi S, Ferrer K: Images in cardiothoracic Surgery: Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002; 21(6): 1120.
  68. Jweied E, Brodsky I, Geha A, Massad M, Hernan J, Gussin H, Buttrick P, de Tombe  P: Decreased myofilament calcium response in human diabetes. Surgical Forum, 2002.
  69. Massad MG, Evans, AN, Rubeiz H, Khoury F, Brown A, Karol J, Hernan J, Kalcevich K: Sympathectomy for truncal hyperhydrosis following traumatic paraplegic injury.  J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2002; 124(3): 636-8.
  70. Shuhaiber J, Evans A, Massad MG, Geha AS: Mechanisms and Future Directions for Prevention of Vein Graft Failure in Coronary Bypass Surgery. Eur  J Cardiothorac Surg 2002; 22(3): 387.
  71. Chaer R, Massad MG, Evans A, Snow N, Geha A: Primary Neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus. Ann Thorac Surg 2002; 74: 1733-40.
  72. Cotton C, Ghandi S,  Vaitkus PT, Massad MG, Benedetti E, Mrtek RG, Wiley T: Role of echocardiography in detecting portopulmonary hypertension in liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl 2002, 8(11): 1051-1054.
  73. Schena S, Gilleran J, Chernoff A, Massad MG : Images in Cardiothoracic Surgery: Giant renal cell carcinoma directly invading the heart.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003; 23(6): 1054-55.
  74. Gandhi S., Benetar K, Evans A, Massad MG, Vaitkus PT, Geha AS: Improved survival after cardiac surgery in renal transplant recipients versus patients with renal insufficiency. J Am Coll Cardiol
  75. Massad MG, Navarro RA, Rubeiz H, Blacha M, Karol J, Evans A: Acute postoperative shingles following thoracic sympathectomy for hyperhidrosis Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Dec;78(6):2159-61.
  76. Geha AS, El-Zein C, Massad MG, Bagai J, Khoury F, Evans A: Surgical approach to “de novo” aortic arch thrombosis with hypothermic circulatory arrest. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg   2004;52 (3):187-90.
  77. Massad MG, Geha AS: Surgical heritage: A synopsis of the published biography of “Evarts A. Graham: The Life, Lives and Times of the Surgical Spirit of St. Louis” by C. Barber Mueller, MD. World J Surg 2003; 27: 1333-1335.
  78. Evans A, Massad MG, Silari P, Zhang W, Jarzembowski, Kpodonu J, Geha AS,  Benedetti E: Procurement-related cellular apoptosis in autologous saphenous vein grafts is amplified by aerobic but not anaerobic short-term storage. J Applied Research 2004; 4(3): 453-463.
  79. Massad MG: Current trends in heart transplantation. Cardiology 2004; 101: 79-92.
  80. Geha AS, El-Zein C, Massad MG: Mitral valve surgery in patients with ischemic and non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Review. Cardiology 2004; 101: 15-20.
  81. Massad MG: Surgical options in the management of congestive heart failure. Editorial. Cardiology  2004; 101:5-6.
  82. Chaer R, Massad MG, Billeh R: Genetics and gene manipulation therapy of premature coronary artery disease. Cardiology 2004; 101: 122-130.
  83. Caines AE, Kpodonu J, Massad MG, Chaer R, Evans AN, Lee JC, Geha AS: Heart transplantation in patients with infiltrative iron over load cardiomyopathy: Case studies and recommendations.  J Heart Lung Transplant  2004, 24(5): 486-488.
  84. Caines AEB, Kpodonu J, Evans A, Massad MD: Outcomes of Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention and medical therapy for multivessel disease with and without left ventricular dysfunction. Cardiology 2004; 101: 21-28.
  85. Massad MG, Kpodonu J, Jaffe HA: ICU admission of the lung transplant recipient following hospital discharge- Editorial. Chest 2004; 125(3): 813-815. 
  86. Massad MG: A half century of myocardial preservation and open heart surgery. Editorial Update.  World  J Surg
  87. Evans AN, Massad MG, Geha AS: Health economics: An evolving industry.
  88. Kpodonu J, Massad MG, Anderson A, Das Gupta T: Images in cardiothoracic surgery: Osteoblastic chondrosarcoma with cardiac and pulmonary arterial extension. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2004; 25(4): 650.
  89. DiDominico RJ, Massad MG: Pharmacologic strategies for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after open heart surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2005; 79(2):728-740.
  90.  Snow NJ, Kempton L, Massad MG, Geha AS: Thoracic Surgical Encounters with Kartagener’s Syndrome (to be submitted to Ann Thorac Surg).
  91. Kpodonu J, Massad MG, Lee JC, Chaer R, Evans AN, Caines AE, Fitzgerald M, Snow NJ, Geha AS: The U.S. experience with lung transplantation for pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24(9): 1247-1253.
  92. Kpodonu J, Cook J, Massad MG, Snow NJ: Tuberculosis of the thymus: a case report and review of the literature. Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 2005; 1(2): 123-126.
  93. Massad M, Geha AS: Repair of mechanical complications of myocardial infarction. World J Surg.  September 2004; 28(9): 847-856.
  94. Jani JC, Massad MG, Kpodonu J, Alagiozian-Angelova V, Guzman  G: High-Grade           Pelvic Osteosarcoma with Intravascular Extension to the Right Heart: Case Report           and Review of Literature. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2005;129(2): 241-243.
  95. Chan L, Massad MG, Mahmood K, Clark N, Kpodonu J, Tshibaka C, Steinhiser S, Jaffe HA: Hemorrhagic cystitis in a bilateral lung transplant recipient associated with a Polyoma BK virus. Current Respiratory Medicine Reviews 2005; 1(3): 261- 264.
  96. Kpodonu J, Massad MG, Geha AS: Surgical considerations  in the management of  Valve Dysfunction following heart transplantation. Clinical Transplantation 2005; 19: 694-697.
  97. Kpodonu J, Caines A, Massad MG, Geha AS: Outcome of heart transplantation in patients with amyloid cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2005; 24(11): 1763-1765.
  98. Di Domenico RJ, Massad MG, Kpodonu J, Navarro RA, Geha AS: Use of  Recombinant Activated Factor VII for Bleeding Following Procedures Requiring  Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Chest  2005;127(5):1828-35.
  99. Massad MG, Powell C, Kpodonu J, Tshibaka C, Hanhan Z, Snow N, Geha AS: Outcomes of  Lung transplantation in patients with scleroderma. World J Surg 2005; 29(11): 1510-1515.

 

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